Study conducted by the National

The U.S. EPA and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) have not classified endosulfan as to its carcinogenicity (lARC 1987,1998). Studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) using rats and mice indicated inadequate and negative evidence, respectively, for carcinogenic effect from endosulfan (NTP 1991). No data were available for studies conducted for the metabolites of endosulfan. 

Haseman, J.K., Crawford, D.D., Huff, J.E., Boorman, G.A. and McConnell, E.E. (1984a). Results for 86 two-year carcinogenicity studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 14 621-639. 

There are data from animal studies in mice, rats, and pigs that indicate that both carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism may be affected by exposure to heptachlor or heptachlor epoxide (Enan et al. 1982 Halacka et al. 1974 Kacew and Singhal 1973 Pelikan 1971). Alterations in gluconeogenic enzymes and an increase in cellular steatosis in the liver have been reported. Granulomas and fibrotic liver have also been observed. In addition, hepatocellular carcinoma was identified as causally related to heptachlor in the diet in a mouse study conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI 1977). The existing evidence suggests that heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide are hepatic toxicants. 

In inhalation studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program, acute, subchronic, and chronic effects of ethyl bromide were examined in mice and rats. All mice and three of five female rats died before the end of a 4-hour exposure to 5000 ppm rats and mice exposed to 2 000 ppm 6 hours/day died before the end of 14-day studies. In 14-week studies, 1600 ppm was lethal to some animals and caused compound-related lesions including muscle atrophy and atrophy of the testis and uterus thought to be secondary to body weight loss rats also had minimal to moderate multifocal mineralization in the cerebellum and minimal-to-severe hemosiderosis of the spleen. 

The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a national study conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported that 40% of Americans had used a dietary supplement in the month before they were interviewed for the study. Although NHANES did not break down supplement use into specific subtypes, the data gives some interesting insights into the growing acceptance of dietary supplement products in America. 

Additionally, the Agricultural Health Study, a government-sponsored study conducted by the National Institute of Health, the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Health Science, and the USEPA, has found no association between cancer incidence and atrazine exposure (Alavanja et al., 2003 Rusiecki et al., 2004 Engel et al., 2005). 

A review of the case-control studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute, principally on non-Hodgkin s lymphomas, has not established a causal association between atrazine use and the occurrence of this disease (De Roos et al., 2003). This conclusion has also been reached in numerous authoritative reviews (USEPA, 2003a, b International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1999 United Kingdom (UK), 1996, 2000 Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA, 2004). 

In a 2 year gavage study conducted by the National Toxicology Program, rats and mice were given bromoform 5 days a week for 103 weeks. Dose-related lethargy and nonneoplastic changes to the liver (mixed cell foci and fatty changes) were noted. These observations were noted at the lowest dose tested 100 mg kg (lowest-observed-adverse-effect level). 

In a study conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, a moderate dose of marijuana alone was shown to impair driving performance however, the effects of even a low dose of marijuana combined with alcohol were markedly greater than for either drug alone. Driving indices measured included reaction time, visual search frequency (driver checking of side streets), and the ability to perceive and/or respond to changes in the relative velocity of other vehicles. ... 

Despite comments such as these and additional ones in later publications, animal experimentation, particularly mouse skin-painting studies, constituted a substantial part of the bioassays on tobacco smoke. Such bioassays are not only expensive but also extremely time consuming (18 to 24 months). Because of the absence of a positive response in studies of tobacco smoke inhalation by laboratory animals, mouse skin-painting with CSC was selected as the bioassay of choice in the massive decade-long (1970-1980) study conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) on less hazardous cigarettes, a study that involved nearly 100 test cigarettes and 30 standard or reference cigarettes (1329, 1330,1332,1333, 2683). 

In the case of cathodic protection a useful source of information was a study conducted by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), concerning the dollar value of the influence of NACE members on the purchases of specific materials protection... 

It is to be noted that according to a study conducted by the National Safety Council of the United States, about 31% of all work injuries are caused by... 

A study conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) reported that over 70% of airline accidents, since the introduction of turbojet aircraft in the later years of the 1950s, involved some degree of human error [25]. 

One of the primary questions for consumers, is Do phthalates cause cancer In humans, they do not. The initial concern was triggered by a 1982 study conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP), which found that life time exposures to high doses of DOP (DEHP) led to an increase in the incidence of liver tumors in rodents, with the conclusion that DOP is reasonably anticipated to cause cancer in humans. 

The potential cost impact of implementing lead-free technology is foremost on the minds of both manufacturers and users alike. A study conducted by the National Center for Manufacturing... 

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