Strychnine toxic alkaloids

Strychnine is a toxic alkaloid. It should only be handled with gloves and under no circumstances should it be ingested. 

Strychnine and brucine are extremely toxic alkaloids. Strychnine binds itself to receptor sites in the spinal cord and accommodates glycine. Brucine is a dimethoxy form of strychnine, and is less toxic. 

One of the most known toxic alkaloid is strychnine. Vanderkop" and Sterner et aU are examples of those who have studied its toxicity, although it is practically rather evident. This alkaloid has been used as a strong rodenticide. It is also known for being dangerous to humans. One general characteristic of strychnine is its chemical stability. This is some kind of exception in the alkaloids, which are generally flexible heterogeneous compounds. In cases of... 

Many other alkaloids are used with various applications. One of them is strychnine, an alkaloid known to be strongly toxic to animals. Drugs such as Dysurgal or Pasuma contain strychnine in clinical doses. Strychnine-containing drugs are used in many disorders, including those of the eye. 

American poisonous mixture called curare. Curare is derived from certain members of the genus Strychnos, and contains a number of toxic alkaloids (strychnine being a famihar name for such an alkaloid). Thus, enzymes in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic cycle proper are of fundamental concern, for their blockage or inhibition could prove fatal. Inhibitors for enzymes involved in the carboxylic acid cycle are listed in Appendix B of Hoffman (1999). 

Human loxicity- A highly toxic alkaloid resembling strychnine. 

All alkaloids are toxic compounds. However, the degree of toxicity varies widely. Some are extremely toxic compounds, and a good number of these are mild toxicants. The extremely toxic alkaloids include coniine, aconitine, amanitins, chaksine, saxitoxin, and surugatoxin strychnine, nicotine, cytisine, reserpine, and emetine are examples of moderate to highly poisonous alkaloids. Atropine, pilocarpine, quinine, lobeline, ephedrine, and yohimbine are some of the... 

Strychnine is a highly toxic alkaloid. It causes hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. It is a powerful convulsant. This results in respiratory and metabolic acidosis (Hodgson et al. 1988). Death occurs from asphyxia after a few seizures. Its convulsant actions are attributed to the antagonism of the inhibitory effects of glycine. It excites all portions of the central nervous system. It produces green-colored vision, which is an effect of sensory disorders. Toxic symptoms from continued medication with strychnine... 

An example of a stimulant that is also a toxicant is the pesticide strychnine. This alkaloid works by neutralizing glycine, an amino acid responsible for transmitting inhibitory nerve impulses to muscles. Without inhibition, the muscles contract but do not relax. Skeletal muscles become hyperexcited and contract continuously. Limbs become stiff and respiration stops. Animals poisoned with strychnine suffocate and die. This poison is toxic to fish, insects, mammals, and birds. 

One of the most known toxic alkaloid is strychnine. Vanderkop ° and Sterner et al. are examples of those who studied its toxicity, although it is practically rather evident. This alkaloid has been used as a strong... 

Curare is a muscle relaxant drug, originally used as an arrow poison by Amazonian Indians. The traditional curare is prepared by a secret recipe thought to involve a number of plant species (Plotkin 1993). Plant sources of curare include Strychnos castelnaei and species in the Loganaceae family and Chondodendron tomentosum in the Menispermaceae family. Tubocurarine, a benzylisoquinoline dimer, is the major alkaloid in the curare plants. It exhibits paralysing effects on skeletal muscles, and is used as a muscle relaxant in surgical procedures. It controls convulsions caused by the toxic alkaloid strychnine. 

Strychnine comes from the seed of Strychnos nux-vomica (Logani-aceae) it is also known as nux vomica. It is a powerful stimulant to the central nervous system in low doses, but becomes deadly poisonous in larger doses (60-90 mg), causing an exaggeration of reflexes and tonic convulsions (Tyler et al. 1988). Brucine is a related but less toxic alkaloid in Strychnos spp. 

Note that the resolving agent is recovered unchanged after this procedure and can be reused repeatedly. Because of the need to obtain crystalline adducts which are readily broken down to their components again, the ionic salts formed between amines and acids, either carboxylic or sulphonic, are ideal for resolution. Thus even in the last century very many amines were resolved by formation of salts with, for example, tartaric acid (16) or camphorsulphonic acid (29), while organic acids were resolved with bases such as quinine, cinchonine and the highly toxic alkaloids brucine (36) and strychnine (37). Although reliable resolution methods have now been worked out for... 

Brucine is a highly toxic alkaloid resembling strychnine and is also used as a central nervous system stimulant. In addition, it is used in analytical chemistry for separating racemic mixtures. These alkaloids possess an additional 2-carbon unit between the indolic Ng and C17. It has been shown that the 2-carbon unit comes from acetate at some stage of the biogenesis (123). 

The convulsant alkaloid strychnine from the Indian tree Strychnos nux vomica is highly toxic. Strychnine... 

A new effective metal-ffee radical approach by Murphy et al generates the free radical by treatment with tetrathiafulvalene (TTF).1491 As depicted in scheme 16 the aromatic amine 79 is transformed into the diazonium salt 81 which on treatment with TTF leads to the radical 82. The following stereoselective cyclization gives the hexahydrocarba-zole scaffold 80, a substructure of alkaloids like aspi-dospermidin, strychnin and vinblastin. Also the non-toxic tris(trimethylsilyl)silane was employed for domino reactions, eg. for the preparation of the alkaloid aspidospermidin. 

Strychnos nux-vomica L. Fan Mu Pen (Strychnine) (seed) Strychnine, monomeric tertiary indole alkaloids, brucine.50 144-504 This herb is highly toxic. Treat neurasthenia, aphrodisiac, vasomotor stimulation, regulate blood pressure, treat nerve diseases. 

N.A. Indole alkaloids, strychnine, loganin, chlorogenic acid.99 This herb is toxic. A stimulant for nervous system, a homeopathic remedy for digestive problems, sensitivity to cold, and irritability. 

The alio series of the pumiliotoxin A class have an additional hydroxyl group that has been placed at C-7 on the indolizidine ring, without assignment of configuration. Three members of the alio series have been assigned the tentative structures (7), (8), and (9).3 Pumiliotoxins A and B are relatively toxic, and comparable in potency to strychnine. Pumiliotoxin B has a potent cardiotonic and myotonic activity.3 An enantioselective total synthesis of pumiliotoxin A alkaloids from L-proline has already been announced.4... 

As can be seen from Table I a substantial number of alkaloids display significant insect toxicity, including nicotine, pipeline, lupine alkaloids, caffeine, gramine, strychnine, berberine, ephedrine, and steroidal alkaloids. Only the specialists can tolerate the respective alkaloids. The tobacco homworm (Manduca sexto), for example, can grow on a diet with more than 1% nicotine without any adverse effects. Most of the nicotine is either degraded or directly eliminated via the Malpighian tubules and in feces 182). Because nicotine binds to the acetylcholine (ACH) receptor, it is likely that in Manduca this receptor has been modified in such a way that ACH can still bind, but not nicotine (so-called target site modification). 

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