Carbon-based nanocomposites

FIGURE 10.11 Heat release rate curves of PP and PP/POSS-FQ knitted fabrics at 35 kW/m. (From Ref. 31, with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry.) 

POSS on the flame retardant performance was described for the formation of an oxidatively stable, uniformly covered nonpermeable surface char layer.Some previous studies demonstrated reasonably effective flame retardant performance of POSS, but a recent study with trisilanol phenyl POSS in PMMA did not show any flame retardant performance as measured in a cone calorimeter. It was suggested that POSS has the potential to reduce the heat release rate, but one must be careful in selecting the POSS material to be evaluated. 

There are several different types of carbon-based nanoparticles. One is graphite, a layered material having a thickness of a nanometer, similar to that of clay particles, and others are based on a tubular shape having a diameter of nanometers. Since expandable graphite (an intumescent material) is discussed in Chapter 6, it is not discussed in this chapter. 

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Carbon-based nanocomposite concepts have been successfully developed to limit or reduce these adverse effects and at the same time enhance the electron or ion transport [8]. CNT is an ideal building block in the carbon-inorganic composite/hybrid due to its mechanical, physical, chemical properties as mentioned above. CNTs are apparently superior to other carbonaceous materials such as graphite or amorphous carbon and are more adaptable to the homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles than other carbonaceous materials [36],... 

STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CARBON BASED NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS... 

Structure and properties of carbon based nanocomposite films... 

Carbon-based nanocomposites refer to a class of composites modified or reinforced by carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon nanofiber (CNF), and particulate nanodimond (PND). Here, the strategy of utilizing carbon nanostructures, primarily CNT and CNF, to improve osteogenic property and bioactivity of the nanocomposites is primarily discussed. The strategy of promoting mechanical properties of orthopedic implants by creating carbon-based nanocomposites will be discussed in Chapter 5. 

So, that using similar polymerization approach several conducting polymer nanocomposites (with different polymers like polypyrrole (PPy), poly(phenylene-diamine) (PPD), and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT, etc.) have been developed using CNT as nanofillers and various conductive polymer as a matrix. Some of them are reported in other literature [46,49-51]. Ramesh and coworker [51] synthesized very useful nanoclays and conducting carbon-based nanocomposites for supercapacitor application. The procedure is briefly discussed below. 

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