Strains protein engineering

Notes Due to polymorphism, the number of total and functional genes in different individuals (or mouse strains) can vary. The data shown here for the human loci were taken on 1/12/98 from a web site maintained by Ian Tomlinson at the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering http //www.mrc-cpe.cam.ac.uk/imt-doc/. See text for specific references. 

Aspartase exhibits incredibly strict substrate specificity and thus is of little use in the preparation of L-aspartic acid analogues. However, a number of L-phenylalanine analogues have been prepared with various PAL enzymes from the yeast strains Rhodotorula graminis, Rhodotorula rubra, Rhodoturula glutinis, and several other sources that have been cloned into E. call.243 241 Future work in this area will likely include protein engineering to design new enzymes that offer a broader substrate specificity such that additional L-phenylalanine analogues could be prepared. 

Using in vivo protein engineering not only mutant strains of Pseudomonas putida... 

Saito Y, Uhii Y, Fujimura T, Sasaki H. Noguchi Y, Yamada H, Niwa M, Shimomura K. Protein engineering of a cephalosporin C acylase from Pseudomonas strain N176. Aiut NY Acad Sci 1996 782 226-241. 

Advances in molecular biology have revolutionized the ability of humans to improve nature s enzymes for use in detergents. The characteristics of enzymes from bacterial strains can be improved by hybridization and protein engineering (random and site-directed mutagenesis). The production yield of an exocellular enzyme can be improved by genetic engineering. 

Further increasing the enzyme production yield of the fermentation process and by further optimizing the best strains by gene technology Further improving the cleaning efficacy of the enzyme by specific modifications of the protease molecule (e.g., by protein engineering). 

Scheme 2.5c) [24,25], an activity that has potential in opiate biosynthesis. This strain has a morphine dehydrogenase that concomitantly reduces morphine into mor-phinone and has thus found applications in morphine detection. Finally, OYEs that reduce Baylis-Hillman adducts with complementary enantioselectivities have been either identified or generated by protein engineering (Scheme 2.5d) [26]. 

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