Rhodotorula graminis

Gupta JK, C Jebsen, H Kneifel (1986) Sinapic acid degradation by the yeast Rhodotorula graminis. J Gen Microbiol 132 2793-2799. 

Aspartase exhibits incredibly strict substrate specificity and thus is of little use in the preparation of L-aspartic acid analogues. However, a number of L-phenylalanine analogues have been prepared with various PAL enzymes from the yeast strains Rhodotorula graminis, Rhodotorula rubra, Rhodoturula glutinis, and several other sources that have been cloned into E. call.243 241 Future work in this area will likely include protein engineering to design new enzymes that offer a broader substrate specificity such that additional L-phenylalanine analogues could be prepared. 

Flavocytochromes 2 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases found in the inter-membrane space of yeast mitochondria where they couple oxidation of the substrate to reduction of cytochrome c. Examples include the enzymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hansenula anomala, both of which are l-lactate dehydrogenases (Chapman et al., 1998), and the enzyme from Rhodotorula graminis which is a L-mandelate dehydrogenase (Ilias et al., 1998). This article will concentrate on the flavocytochrome 2 (L-lactate cytochrome c oxidoreductase) from S. cerevisiae (Bakersi yeast), since this is by far the most studied of these enzymes (Chapman et al., 1991). Therefore, throughout this article, the term flavocytochrome 2 will refer specifically to the enzyme from S. cerevisiae unless otherwise stated. 

Durham, D.R., C.G. McNamee, and D.P. Stewart. 1984. Dissimilation of aromatic compounds in Rhodotorula graminis biochemical characterization of pleiotroph-ically negative mutants. J. Bacteriol. 160 771-777. 

Buzzini, P, Martini, A., Gaetani, M., Turchetti, B., Pagnoni, U.M., and Davoli, P. 2005. Optimization of carotenoid production by Rhodotorula graminis DBVPG 7021 as a function of trace element concentration by means of response surface analysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 36 687-692. 

Rhodotorula graminis DBVPG 7021 1-L fermentor Com stover 48 34 0.21 Galafassi et al. (2012)... 

Galafassi, S., Cucchetti, D., Pizza, F., Franzosi, G., Bianchi, D., Compagno, C., 2012. Lipid production for second generation biodiesel by the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula graminis. Bioresource Technology 111, 398—403. 

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