Storage of petroleum products

Fatty amines and diamines can be used for corrosion inhibition in oil-producing wells. Typically, these products are dispersed as salts of organic acids such as fatty acids or petroleum sulfonic acids. Fatty amines and diamines have also been used as corrosion inhibitors in the transportation and storage of petroleum products. Quaternary ammonium salts, including dialkyldimethy-lammonium, monoalkyltrimethylammonium and mono-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium, are good corrosion inhibitors. 

R. Roffey 1989. Microbial problems during long-term storage of petroleum products underground in lock cawems. International Biodeterioration 25 (1-3), 219-236. 

Properties Related to Storage and Distribution of Petroleum Products... 

Texaco Limited, Canvey Island tank farm on the west side of the methane terminal is used to import petroleum products by sea via the two jetties, store and distribute them by tanker-trucks and sea, but mostly by the U.K. oil pipeline. The storage capacity is 80,000 tonnes of petroleum products employing about 130 people. 

London and Coastal Oil Wharves Limited bulk stores, in tanks, a variety of petroleum products and other substances that are flammable or toxic. Some tankage is leased to Texaco Limited which is connected into the UK oil pipeline for transfer from the site. Products also are rcccis cd by road and sea. The storage capacity is more than 3(X),(XK) tonnes with about fifty people employed. 

Pearson, G. and Oudijk, K. G., 1993, Investigation and Remediation of Petroleum Product Releases from Residential Storage Tanks Ground Water Monitoring Remediation, Summer, pp. 124—128. 

Bottoms the liquid which collects in the bottom of a vessel (tower bottoms, tank bottoms) either during distillation also the deposit or sediment formed during storage of petroleum or a petroleum product see also Residuum and Basic sediment and water. 

Incompatibility the immiscibility of petroleum products and also of different crude oils that is often reflected in the formation of a separate phase after mixing and/or storage. 

Bulk Terminal A facility, used primarily for the storage and/or marketing of petroleum products, which has a total bulk storage capacity of 50,000 barrels or more and/or receives petroleum products by tanker, barge or pipeline. 

Petroleum Stocks Primary stocks of crude oil and petroleum products held in storage at (or in) leases, refineries, natural gas processing plants, pipelines, tankfarms and bulk terminals that can store at least 50,000 barrels of petroleum products or that can receive petroleum products by tanker, barge or pipeline. 

ASTM D 4057 (1981) describes a way to get a vertical top-to-bottom sample of petroleum products from a storage tank. A stoppered bottle is dropped vertically all the way to the bottom. Then it is unstoppered and pulled up at such a rate that the bottle is 3/4 full as it emerges from the top. Unfortunately, this is difficult even for a seasoned practitioner. Another way to sample vertically is to take samples from the top, middle, and bottom, also discussed in ASTM D 4057. A stoppered bottle is lowered to the desired depth, the stopper is pulled, the bottle is allowed to fill, and the bottle is raised. These latter samples are easier to obtain because they require little expertise. They also incur less extraction error. They do not give a full vertical cross section but give some representation of the different depths. 

Seaports handle large amounts of petroleum products and have facilities on site to store these products. At the Port of Los Angeles alone, for example, there are —500 above-ground storage tanks with a capacity to hold 500 million gallons (1.9X 10 L) of product (Rice, 1991). Despite this, the lasting effects of oil spills on the open seas may be less than the effect of the many subsurface leaks and spills of petroleum products or the atmospheric pollution caused by the use of petroleum products, oil spills on the open seas... 

Yet sulfur compounds also cause problems for human civilization, acid rain being the best known. Eurthermore, they poison catalysts involved in industrial chemical processes and impair the storage stability of petroleum products. 

Staff usually the chain of custody for a sample starts with the receipt of the sample in the laboratory. Once the laboratory acquires the sample, however, it is the laboratory s responsibility to have a system for unique identification of each sample, sample handling, storage and retention procedures, as well as safe disposal procedures. Identification of the population from which the sample is to be obtained, selection and withdrawal of valid gross samples of this population, and reduction of each gross sample to a laboratory sample suitable for the analytical technique to be used are some of the key steps to be considered in obtaining a representative sample for analysis [2]. Equally important is documented chain of custody procedures to authenticate and maintain the sample integrity. Several ASTM standards deal with sampling aspects for the analysis of petroleum products and lubricants ... 

A. Groysman, Corrosion in Equipment for Storage and Transportation of Petroleum Products, Chemistry Chemical Engineering, No. 32, March 1998, p. 13-23 (Hebrew). 

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