Storage and Release

BTB = 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoate), achieves an excess uptake of 7.1 wt% at 77 K and 66 bar, but with a lower volumetric density of 49 g 1 on account of its lower surface density. A comparable volumetric uptake is seen in NOTT-103.  

BTT = 1,3,5-benzenetristetrazolate), which combines a high surface area (2100 g ) with a high surface density of bare Mn sites (physisorption 

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Fuel sulfur is also responsible for a phenomena known as storage and release of sulfur compounds. Sulfur oxides (S02,S02) easily react with ceria, an oxygen storage compound incorporated into most TWC catalysts, and also with alumina. When the air/fuel mixture temporarily goes rich and the catalyst temperature is in a certain range, the stored sulfur is released as H2S yielding a rotten egg odor to the exhaust. A small amount of nickel oxide incorporated into the TWC removes the H2S and releases it later as SO2 (75—79). 

Contains information on industrial location, storage, and release to air, water, and land of SARA Section 313 chemicals. Data is divided into the following categories facility identification, substance identification, environmental release of chemical, waste treatment, and off-site waste transfer. 

Chromaffin granules, platelet dense core vesicles, and synaptic vesicles accumulate ATP. ATP uptake has been demonstrated using chromaffin granules and synaptic vesicles and the process appears to depend on A(.lh+. It has generally been assumed that ATP is costored only with monoamines and acetylcholine, as an anion to balance to cationic charge of those transmitters. However, the extent of ATP storage and release by different neuronal populations remains unknown, and the proteins responsible for ATP uptake by secretory vesicles have not been identified. 

Predicting the effect of the terrestrial vegetation response to C02-induced climate change for a particular site involves explicit treatment of feedbacks. These are diagramed in Figure 3. The balance between decomposition + autotrophic respiration and gross primary production (GPP) determines the net storage and release of carbon to atmosphere. Climate meets each of these... 

Vesicles have also been implicated in storage and release of LMW compounds such as phenolics (91,92) and phytosiderophores (93) in plant roots, but the characterization of mechanisms remains to be established (see Sect. 4.3.2). 

Sanders-Bush, E., and Martin, L.L. Storage and release of serotonin. In Osborne, N.N., ed. Biology of Serotonergic Transmission. New York John Wiley Sons, Ltd., 1982. pp. 95-118. 

The inherent properties of Class 1B liquids, under the storage and release conditions specified (lack of confinement, congestion, and release of material at low pressure), preclude formation of a well-mixed, turbulent vapor cloud that can support rapid flame propagation. Thus, the potential for VCE is low. 

Figure 150. Direct contact heat storage. During loading the heat transfer fluid is heated hy the supply from outside. It is then pumped to the bottom of the storage and released in small droplets. These rise, melt the PCM and are collected at the top to go back to the inner circuit...

The impact of these parameters, on both storage and release of NO, shows that the best NO /consumption trade-off is obtained when regeneration occurs at high levels of richness. By optimizing the system as a whole, it is possible to obtain reduction efficiencies of about 80% for over diesel fuel consumption of 2-5% [94], To avoid discharge of CO and HCs, which can happen when running a richer fuel mixture, an oxidation catalyst is installed downstream from the trap to treat these emissions. 

Larese, C., Lopez Granados, M., Mariscal, R. et al. (2005) The effect of calcination temperature on the oxygen storage and release properties of Ce02 and Ce—Zr—O metal oxides modified by phosphorus incorporation, Appl. Catal. B Environ., 59, 13. 

Fig. 4.26 Photo-controlled drug storage and release from mesoporous silica using photodimerization ofcoumarin grafted only at the pore outlet. Reprinted with permission from [221], M. Fujiwara et at., Chem. Mater. 2003, 75, 3385. 2003, American Chemical Society.

Gephart, R.E., A Short History of Plutonium Production and Nuclear Waste Generation, Storage, and Release at the Hanford Site, PNNL-SA-32153, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 1999. 

Jiang X, Wang Y, Hand AR, Gillies C, Cone RE, Kirk J, O Rourke J Storage and release of tissue plasminogen activator by sympathetic axons in resistance vessel walls. Microvasc Res 2002 64 438-447. 

Cuanethidine possesses high affinity for the axolemmal and vesicular amine transporters, it is stored instead of NE, but is unable to mimic the functions of the latter, in addition, it stabilizes the axonal membrane, thereby impeding the propagation of impulses into the sympathetic nerve terminals. Storage and release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla are not affected, owing to the absence of a re-uptake process. The drug does not cross the blood-brain barrier. 

Compounds of one acid with another are referred to as acid anhydrides. A particularly large amount of energy is required for the formation of an acid—anhydride bond. Phosphoric anhydride bonds therefore play a central role in the storage and release of chemical energy in the cell (see p. 122). Mixed anhydrides between carboxylic acids and phosphoric acid are also very important energy-rich metabolites in cellular metabolism. 

Conventionally called adrenergic neuron blockers, the last group of adrenoblockers are drugs that suppress synthesis, storage, and release of biogenic amines (norepinephrine, dopamine, or serotonin) in nerve endings. 

Adrenergic neuron blockers cause degradation of biogenic amines in neuron endings. These drugs can interfere with the synthesis, storage and release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. 

Synthesis, storage, and release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland are primarily regulated by the thyrotropin hormone, while the iodides necessary for their synthesis are usually present in consumed foods. 

Since the main clinical use for antisympathotonics is in the treatment of essential hypertension, such drugs will be discussed in Chapter 20 in more detail. The alkaloid reserpine from Rauwolfia serpentina was the first drug used clinically to reduce sympathetic tone. Reserpine reduce the ability of storage and release of various transmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonine and dopamine) by an irreversible destruction of the axonal vesicle membranes. The duration of the reserpine effect is actually determined by the de novo synthesis of these structure. Beside various central side effects like sedation, depression, lassitude and nightmares the pattern of unwanted effects of reserpine is determined by the shift of the autonomic balance towards the parasympathetic branch myosis, congested nostrils, an altered saliva production, increased gastric acid production, bardycardia and diarrhea. As a consequence of the inhibition of central dopamine release, reserpine infrequently shows Parkinson-like disturbances of the extrapyramidal system. 

The storage and release of DA can be modified irreversibly by reserpine (3.1), just as in vesicles containing other catecholamines and serotonin. Dopamine release can be blocked specifically by y-hydroxybutyrate (4.78) or its precursor, butyrolactone, which can cross the blood-brain barrier. High doses of amphetamines do deplete the storage vesicles, but this is not their principal mode of action. Apparently, amantadine (4.79), an antiviral drug that is likewise beneficial in parkinsonism (and also perhaps to relieve fatigue in multiple sclerosis), may also act by releasing DA. 

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