Wood, defined fibers

Fiber-saturation point is the moisture content of celhilar materials (e.g., wood) at which the cell walls are completely saturated while the cavities are liquid-free. It may be defined as the equihbrium moisture content as the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere approaches saturation. 

PULP (Wood) PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING. Pulps can be defined as fibrous products derived from cellulosic fiber-contaiumg materials and used in the production of hardboard, fiberboard, paperboard, paper, and molded-pulp products. With suitable chemical modification, pulps can be used in Hie manufacture of rayon, cellulose acetate, and other familiar products. Pulps can be produced from any material containing cellulosic fiber but in North America and several other regions of the world, wood is the predominant source of pulp. This description is confined to the production and processing of wood pulp,... 

Wood is a hygroscopic, porous, anisotropic and non-homogeneous material. After log sawing, the lumber contains liquid water in fiber cavities (capillary water) and bound water inside the fiber wall (hygroscopic water). Porosity refers to volume fraction of void space. This void space can be actual space filled with air or space filled with both water and air. Capillary-porous materials are sometimes defined as those having pore diameter less than... 

Class III (NFPA 231/231C)—Class III commodity is defined as wood, paper, natural fiber cloth, or Group C plastics or products thereof on wood pallets. Products are permitted to contain a limited amount of Group A or B plastics. Wood dressers with plastic drawer glides, handles, and trim are examples of a commodity with a limited amount of plastic. 

A.K. Bledzki, V.E. Sperber, K. Specht, M.A. Letman and A. Viksne. Effect of defined waxes and coupling agents on moisture behavior of injection molded wood fiber-rein-forced PP composites. In Eighth International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites (and Other Natural Fibers), Madison, WI, May 23-25, 2005. 

At this point in the analysis, it was possible to define a tolerance for bondline thickness, whereby all points within a prescribed tolerance would be considered adhesive failure, and all points outside this tolerance would be considered wood failure. Furthemtore, a second tolerance could be specified to distinguish shallow" wood failure fi-om deep" wood failure (Fig. 10). For the specimens evaluated in this study, two tolerances ( 40 pm and 60 pm) were selected for both the bondline thickness and the depth of shallow wood failure. A typical bondline thickness for block-shear specimens is about 80 pm, and the thickness of a small fiber bundle is 40-60 pm (or 2-5 fiber diameters). Table 1 summarizes the results from this analysis as well as the visual grading values obtained from the trained observers. 

The name rayon was officially adopted in 1924 by the National Retail Dry Goods Association. Prior to this, the fiber was called artificial silk, wood-silk, or viscose silk. On October 26, 1937, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) officially defined rayon as a textile fiber or yarn produced chemically from cellulose or with a cellulose base. This definition covered cuprammonium and viscose rayon as well as acetate fiber. To avoid confusion in the trade, FTC rules were adopted on December 11, 1951, which defined rayon as man-made textile fibers and filaments composed of regenerated cellulose. A separate definition was adopted for acetate, man-made textile fibers and filaments composed of cellulose acetate. ... 

The third part, Chapters 10-12, examines the properties of composites, where one component is usually nonpoly meric. Two broad classes of composites are treated polymer-impregnated materials, such as wood or concrete, and fiber- and particle-reinforced plastics and elastomers. The approach throughout draws upon basic chemistry, materials science, and engineering. The phases discussed here tend to be large and well-defined, but the interactions at the phase interfaces remain crucial in determining properties. 

On the other hand, polymer reinforced with natural fibers for construction applications could be classified according to its application as structural or nonstructural composite. A structural natural fiber composite can be defined as one that is needed to carry a load in use. Structural panels and unit beams [21], roof systems [22] and in some cases wood and engineered wood products [10, 22], are examples of structural composites. Performance of structural composites ranges broadly from high-performance to low-performance materials. As mentioned above, polymer reinforced with natural... 

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