Nomenclature Stock system

Stock system the nomenclature system using oxidation numbers to differentiate between compounds or ions of a given element. 

Stirring device, for use under reduced pressure, 3 40, 41 Stock system of nomenclature,... 

This Roman numeral method is known as the Stock system. An older nomenclature used the suffix -ous for the lower charge and -ic for the higher charge and is still used occasionally. 

Naming ions of metals that form ions of more than one charge requires distinguishing between the possibilities. For example, iron forms Fe and Fe ions. We cannot call both of these iron ion because no one would know which of the two we meant. For monatomic cations of variable type, the charge in the form of a Roman numeral is attached to the element s name to indicate which ion we are talking about. For example, Fe is called iron(II) ion and Fe is called iron(lll) ion. This system of nomenclature is called the Stock system. 

Stock system (6.2, 16.2) The nomenclature system for inorganic compounds in which the oxidation state (or charge for a monatomic cation) is represented as a Roman numeral in the name of the compound, stoichiometry (10.1) The determination of how much a reactant can produce or how much of a product can be produced from a given quantity of another substance in a reaction. 

In Chap. 6 we placed Roman numerals at the ends of names of metals to distinguish the charges on monatomic cations. It is really the oxidation number that is in parentheses. This nomenclature system is called the Stock system. For monatomic ions, the oxidation number is equal to the charge. For other cations, again the oxidation number is used in the name. For example, Hg2 + is named mercury(I) ion. Its charge is 24- the oxidation number of each atom is 4-1. Oxidation numbers are also used for other cations, such as dioxovanadium(V) ion, V02". The prefix 0x0- stands for oxygen. Oxidation numbers can be used with nonmetal-nonmetal compounds, as in sulfur(VI) oxide for SO3, but the older system using prefixes (Table 6-2) is still used more often. 

From an international point of view, however, the Stock nomenclature suffers from the serious drawback that it is more national in character than the older nomenclature. This may be substantiated by giving the names of FeS04 in different languages according to the older nomenclature and the Stock system ... 

Accordingly, the failure of the Stock system is that it uses the national names of the elements and, in spoken language, the national numerals. In written language, the numerals will be designated by Roman figures, but even then the Stock nomenclature is much more national than the one hitherto used. The joint Scandinavian (Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish) nomenclature committee wrote on this matter to the International Union of Chemistry ... 

Stock system. See chemical nomenclature. Stoddard solvent. 

Many metals (usually transition metals) may form cations of more than one charge. In this case, a Roman numeral in parenthesis after the name of the element is used to indicate the ion s charge in a particular compound. This Roman numeral method is known as the Stock system. An older nomenclature used the suffix -ous for the lower charge and -ic for the higher charge and is still used occasionally. 

If the cation and anion exist in only one common charged form, there is no ambiguity between formula and name. Sodium chloride must be NaCl, and lithium sulfide must be Li2S, so that the sum of positive and negative charges is zero. With many elements, such as the transition metals, several ions of different charge may exist. Fe ", Fe + and Cu+, Cu + are two common examples. Clearly, an ambiguity exists if we use the name iron for both Fe + and Fe + or copper for both Cu" and Cu +. Two systems have been developed to avoid this problem the Stock system and the common nomenclature system. 

In the Stock system (systematic name), a Roman numeral indicates the magnitude of the cation s charge. In the older common nomenclature system, the suffix -ous indicates the lower ionic charge, and the suffix -ic indicates the higher ionic charge. Consider the examples in Table 4.1. 

Stock was also interested in the reform of the nomenclature of inorganic chemistry, and many of his suggestions have been adopted. In the Stock system ferrous and ferric compounds become iron(ll) and iron(iii) compounds respectively. 

If there is more than one monatomic cation of an element, Rule 1 is not sufficient. The Stock system of nomenclature names the cations after the element, as in Rule 1, but follows this by a Roman numeral in parentheses denoting the charge on the ion. Example Fe is called iron(II) ion and Fe is called iron(III) ion. ... 

The compounds CuCl and CUCI2 were formerly called cuprous chloride and cupric chloride, respectively. What are their names using the Stock system of nomenclature What are the advantages of the Stock system of nomenclature over the former one ... 

Stock system a system of chemical nomenclature in which the charge on a metal atom or oxidation number of an atom is denoted by a Roman numeral in parentheses following the element name. (23)... 

Some elements, such as iron, form two or more cations with different charges. To distinguish the ions formed by such elements, scientists use the Stock system of nomenclature. It is useful for distinguishing two different compounds formed by the same elements, as the lead oxides in Figure 1.2. This system uses a Roman numeral to indicate an ion s charge. The numeral in parentheses is placed immediately after the metal name. 

Unlike ionic compounds, molecular compounds are composed of individual covalently bonded units, or molecules. Chemists use two nomenclature systems to name binary molecules. The newer system is the Stock system for naming molecular compounds, which requires an understanding of oxidation numbers. This system will be discussed in Section 2. 

In Section 1, we introduced the use of Roman numerals to denote ionic charges in the Stock system of naming ionic compounds. The Stock system is actually based on oxidation numbers, and it can be used as an alternative to the prefix system for naming binary molecular compounds. In the prefix system, for example, SO2 and SO3 are named sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, respectively. Their names according to the Stock system are sulfur(IV) oxide and sulfur(VI) oxide. The international body that governs nomenclature has endorsed the Stock system, which is more practical for complicated compounds. Prefix-based names and Stock-system names are still used interchangeably for many simple compounds, however. 

In the Stock system of nomenclature, the Roman numeral never indicates the number of metal atoms in the formula, except maybe by coincidence. The Roman numeral always indicates the charge on the metal ion. 

The Stock Oxidation-Number System. Stock sought to correct many nomenclature difficulties by introducing Roman numerals in parentheses to indicate the state(s) of oxidation, eg, titanium(II) chloride for TiCl2, iron(II) oxide for FeO, titanium(III) chloride for TiCl, iron(III) oxide for Fe203, titanium(IV) chloride for TiCl, and iron(II,III) oxide for Fe O. In this system, only the termination -ate is used for anions, followed by Roman numerals in parentheses. Examples are potassium manganate(IV) for K2Mn02, potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) for K PtCl, and sodium hexacyanoferrate(III) for Na3Fe(CN)3. Thus a set of prefixes and terminations becomes uimecessary. 

In chemical nomenclature, the oxidation number is sometimes called the Stock number for the German chemist Alfred Stock, who devised this numbering system. Oxidation numbers are discussed in more detail in Sections K and 2.9. 

The Stock Oxidation-Number System. Stock sought to correct many nomenclature difficulties by introducing Roman numerals in parentheses to indicate the s(ate(s) of oxidation. 

The nomenclature used herein is intended to conform to the system proposed by Sauer, J. Ckem. Education 21,303 (1944). The term silane was first used by Stock, Ber. 49,108 (1916), and has the advantage of brevity over Kipping s sili-cane, Proc. Chem. Soc. 28, 243 (1912). 

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