Stimulants effects

Reizung,/. irritation, etc. (see reizen). Reiz-wirkung, /. irritating effect stimulating effect, -wurfel, m. Mil.) irritant capsule, rekapitulieren, v.t. recapitulate. 

Copper additions appear to have the particular effect of reducing the corrosion stimulating effect of the sulphur content of an iron exposed to acid and the effect is thus less marked in low sulphur irons. Because sulphur can stimulate corrosion in acidic environments, it is usually kept as low as possible in irons to be used under these conditions. A low sulphur content is in any case metallurgically desirable. 

Nicotine is the main psychoactive ingredient of tobacco and is responsible for the stimulant effects and abuse/ addiction that may result form tobacco use. Cigarette smoking rapidly (in about 3 sec ) delivers pulses of nicotine into the bloodstream. Its initial effects are caused by its activation of nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors. nACh receptors are ligand-gated ion-channels and pre- and postsynaptically located. Reinforcement depends on an intact mesolimbic dopamine system (VTA). nACh receptors on VTA dopamine neurons are normally activated by cholinergic innervation from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus or the pedunculopontine nucleus. 

Taylor JR, Jentsch JD (2001) Stimulant effects on striatal and cortical dopamine systems involved in reward-related behavior and impulsivity. In Solanto MV, Arnsten AFT, Castellanos FX (eds) Stimulant drugs and ADHD, Oxford University Press, pp 104-133... 

Caffeine is a mild to potent CNS stimulant, with the degree of its stimulating effect dependent on the dose administered. Caffeine stimulates the CNS at all levels, including the cerebral cortex, die medulla, and the spinal cord. Caffeine has mild analeptic (respiratory stimulating) activity. Other actions include cardiac stimulation (which may produce tachycardia), dilatation of coronary and peripheral blood vessels, constriction of cerebral blood vessels, and skeletal muscle stimulation. Caffeine also has mild diuretic activity. 

Geen tea Camellia sinensis Reduces cancer, lowers lipid levels, helps prevent dental caries, antimicrobial and anti oxidative effects Contains caffeine (may cause mild stimulant effects such as anxiety, nervousness, heart irregularities, restlessness, insomnia, and digestive irritation) Contains caffeine and should be avoided during pregnancy, by individuals with hypertension, anxiety, eating disorders, insomnia, diabetes, and ulcers. 

ARAI I, KOMATSU Y, HIRAI Y, SHINGU K, IDA Y, YAMAURA H, YAMAMOTO T, KUROIWA Y, SASAKI K, TAGUCHI s (1997) Stimulative effects of saponin from kikyo-to, a Japanese herbal medicine, on pancreatic exocrine secretion of conscious rats. Planta Med. 63 419-24. 

Fontecave, M., Mansuy, D., Jaouen, M. and Pezerat, H. (1987). The stimulator) effects of asbestos on NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Biochem. J. 241, 561-565. 

We are routinely screening compounds for ability to displace 1-125 DOI from frontal cortex homogenates. As far as the CNS stimulant effects, differentiating from psychostimulants, the present model we are using is substitution in amphetamine-trained rats, in drug discrimination. We have used synaptosomes and looked at their effect on dopamine release and reuptake. But basically they are correlative models. 

ANSWER When we decided to make MBDB we felt the alpha-ethyl would attenuate hallucinogenic activity. Dr. Shulgin made that compound because he was looking at things that had a stimulant effect. He had made it but had not evaluated it at effective doses. After a discussion, he evaluated it in the group of people that worked with him. 

COMMENT I am not sure the serotonin is inhibitory and dopamine excitatory is all that naive. There were clinical studies published where they showed that serotonin agonists could completely suppress the CNS stimulant effects of amphetamine clinically in humans. So you may be seeing the same thing. I am not sure that it has to be a psychedelic activity superimposed. It may simply be some kind of a synergistic attenuation. 

COMMENT Both Campbell and Harvey, in independent experiments, have shown if you take away the serotonin input you can exacerbate the psychomotor stimulant effects of amphetamines. 

Li, A. Marek, G. Vosmer, G. and Seiden, L. MDMA-induced serotonin depletion potentiates the psychomotor stimulant effects of MDMA on rats performing on the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 12 609, 1986. 

During the escalation and bingeing phases of stimulant abuse, higher doses and frequency, as well as propensity for more rapid route of administration, may lead to increased susceptibility to various medical complications. On the other hand, development of either tolerance or sensitization to different stimulant effects is well known (Ellinwood 1973 Post 1981) and should be... 

The organ also contains neuroactive compounds as constituents of the vasomotor and neuro-glandular tissues (Zancanaro et al., 1997). These include the amine transmitters Nor-adrenalin and Serotonin (5-HT), whose presence is presumably related to the non-olfactory innervations. Local stimulation effects [Figs. 5.2 and 5.5(a)] can alter the biogenic amine levels in the VNO of female mice, as a result of exposure to male conspecific urine, and consequent arousal of the suction-pump [c.f. Fig. 5.7(a)]. 

The higher than expected frequencies of alcohol PCP - and heroin PCP-related deaths also would have occurred if the combinations were preferred by the users. The motivation may involve the injection of heroin to moderate the adverse effects of PCP, or the use of PCP to ease the pain of heroin withdrawal. Another explanation assumes a stimulant effect of PCP. The use of stimulants, especially cocaine, with heroin is increasingly popular among heroin users (Kozel et al. 1982). 

Anon., Antagonizing the stimulating effects of methylxanthines in foods, Neth. Appl. 76 03,263, 1977. (CA89 22560x)... 

Laxative. Flowers and berries have a milder bowel-stimulating effect than the roots and bark. Parts used flowers, berries, roots, inner bark. 

Nation JR, Liver,ore CL, Burkey RT. 1996. Chronic lead exposure attenuates sensitization to the locomotor-stimulating effects of cocaine. Drug Alcohol Dependence 41 143-149. 

---