Stevia

Stevioside and rebaudioside A are diterpene glycosides. The sweetness is tainted with a bitter and undesirable aftertaste. The time—intensity profile is characteristic of naturally occurring sweeteners slow onset but lingering. The aglycone moiety, steviol [471 -80-7] (10), which is the principal metaboHte, has been reported to be mutagenic (79). Wide use of stevia ia Japan for over 20 years did not produce any known deleterious side effects. However, because no food additive petition has been presented to the FDA, stevioside and related materials caimot be used ia the United States. An import alert against stevia was issued by the FDA ia 1991. In 1995, however, the FDA revised this import alert to allow the importation and use of stevia as a diet supplement (80), but not as a sweetener or an ingredient for foods. Several comprehensive reviews of stevia are available (81,82). 

The analysis and summarizing of data obtained allowed to establish the norms of Stevia and Sudanese Rose extracts content in compositions of cosmetic preparations in the gel fonu. 

Stevia, 12 42-43 Stevia plant, 24 239 Stevioside, 24 239-240 Stibabenzene, 3 72 Stibaboranes, 4 204 Stibiconite, 3 41 Stibine, 3 57-58 Stibine oxides, 3 73-74 Stibnite, 3 41 Stibonic acids, 3 72 Stichtite, 6 471t... 

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON FOOD, Opinion on Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni plants and leaves, SCF/NF/STE/3, Bmssels, European Commission, 1999. 

Chen T-H, Chen S-C, Chan P, Chn Y-L, Yang H-Y, Cheng J-T. (2005) Mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of stevioside, a glycoside of Stevia rebaudiana. Planta Me die a 71 108-113. 

Ent-kaurene Diterpene Glycosides from the Leaves of Stevia rebaudiana... 

The plant Stevia rebaudiana bertoni has been studied in depth because it was discovered that this plant is the source of six sweet-tasting diterpene glycosides. They are stevioside, rebaudiosides A, C, D, E and dulcoside A. (Table 1). These sweet diterpene glycosides, as well as a complex mixture of organic compounds of which more than a hundred compounds have been identified, are found mainly in the leaves of the plant. The leaves contain a complex mixture of labdane diterpenes, triterpenes, stigmasterol, tannins and volatile oils. There is an abundance of reviews and patents relating to these sweet diterpene glycosides. 

Table 1. Diterpene Glycosides Isolated from Stevia Leaves...

There are many patents and journal articles that describe processes to produce the principal sweet diterpene glycosides stevioside and in particular, rebaudioside A. Many of the reported methods of production require the use of ion exchange columns or gases and are not satisfactory if the scale-up to commercial quantities are required. Most methods for extraction and purification of the sweet diterpene glycosides from Stevia use complicated processing of the crude extracts. Generally, the recovery processes of the principal two diterpene glycosides stevioside and rebaudioside A involve ... 

Bridel M, Lavieille R, Le Principe asaveur sucree du Kha-he-e(Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni) Proprietes An steylosiAe, Journalde Pharmacie etde Chimie, 14 99—113 154-163, (1931a, b, c, d and e). 

Kohda H, Kasai R, Yamasaki K, Murakami K, Tanaka O, New Sweet diterpene glycosides from stevia rebaudiana, Phytochemistry 15 981—983, 1976. 

Brandle J, Stevia Rebaudiana with alteredsteviolglycoside composition, US Patent No. 6,255,557, 2001. 

Dobberstein RH, Ahmed MS, Extraction, separation and recovery of diterpene glycosides from Stevia rebauAiana plants. US Patent No. 4,361,697, 1982. 

The leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Compositae) are a source of several sweet glycosides of steviol (26) (Fig. 15) [1, 61]. The major glycoside, stevioside (27), is used in oriental countries as a food sweetener and the second major glycoside named rebaudioside (28), which is sweeter and more delicious than stevioside, is utilized in beverages. 

Artemisia rupestris Baccharis pilularis Grindelia nana Grindelia tenella Haplopappus hirtellus Haplopappus sonorensis Ozothamnus scutellifolius Senecio viscosa Stevia subpubescens Xanthocephalum gymnoap. Heliotropium pycnophyllum Cleome spinosa... 

Eupatorium altissimum Elourensia cernua Grindelia robusta Grindelia squarrosa Heteranthemis viscidihirta Heterotheca villosa Oncosiphon grandiflorum Perityle lemmonii Psiadia dentata Stevia berlandieri... 

Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl. Tian Jiu (Stevia) (stem, leaf) Stevioside, steviolbioside, rebaudiosides, austroinulin.57 Treat diabetes, tonic, lower blood pressure. 

Melasma arvense, Plantago asiatica, P. depressa, P. exaltata, P. loureiri, P. major, Veronica anagallis-aquatica, Vitex trifolia, V rotundifolia, V nequndo Cassia , C. obtusifolia, C. tora Dictamnus albus, D. dasycarpus Physalis alkekengi Stevia rebaudiana... 

---