Stem termination

Lodging resistance, plant height, and stem termination are traits important in cultivar development. Major genes control stem termination however, the final plant height and lodging resistance of adapted cultivars is considered quantitative and must be selected for using field trials in the target environment. 

Bernard, R.L. Two genes affecting stem termination in soybeans. Crop Sci. 1972, 11, 242—244. Boethel, D.J. Integrated management of soybean insects. Soybeans Improvement, Production and Uses H.R. Boerman, J.E. Specht, Eds. Madison, WI American Society of Agronomy, 2004 pp. 853-882. 

Univalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched alkanes by removal of hydrogen from a terminal carbon atom are named by adding -yl in place of -ane to the stem name. Thus the alkane... 

Ternary compounds are also named by citing the more electropositive constituent first. The various oxidation states of the more electropositive element are designated by a system of prefixes and terminations added to a stem characteristic of the element, except in the case of coordination compounds (qv). Examples are as follows (see Chlorine oxygen acids and salts) ... 

The solubility in alkali sulfide solutions stems from the presence of disulfide groups —S—S— in ortho position to the terminal amino groups. These disulfide groups are reduced to the mercapto groups —SH, which are soluble in alkaU. 

The major stmctural feature of the HAz chain (blue in Figure 5.20) is a hairpin loop of two a helices packed together. The second a helix is 50 amino acids long and reaches back 76 A toward the membrane. At the bottom of the stem there is a i sheet of five antiparallel strands. The central i strand is from HAi, and this is flanked on both sides by hairpin loops from HAz. About 20 residues at the amino terminal end of HAz are associated with the activity by which the vims penetrates the host cell membrane to initiate infection. This region, which is quite hydrophobic, is called the fusion peptide. 

Cathodoluminescence (CL), i.e., the emission of light as the result of electron-beam bombardment, was first reported in the middle of the nineteenth century in experiments in evacuated glass tubes. The tubes were found to emit light when an electron beam (cathode ray) struck the glass, and subsequendy this phenomenon led to the discovery of the electron. Currendy, cathodoluminescence is widely used in cathode-ray tube-based (CRT) instruments (e.g., oscilloscopes, television and computer terminals) and in electron microscope fluorescent screens. With the developments of electron microscopy techniques (see the articles on SEM, STEM and TEM) in the last several decades, CL microscopy and spectroscopy have emerged as powerfirl tools for the microcharacterization of the electronic propenies of luminescent materials, attaining spatial resolutions on the order of 1 pm and less. Major applications of CL analysis techniques include ... 

The range of the airflow in ventilation systems is wide. The flow rate in an individual supply or exhaust terminal may only be a few liters per second, while the flow in a main duct or supply chamber of a large sy.stem may be in excess of 100 cubic meters per second. No general method to deal with the whole range exists. Each case requires individual consideration for the most suitable methods and instrumentation to be selected. 

All mature blood cells arise from primitive hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, the pluripotent stem cells. Approximately 0.1% of the nucleated cells of the bone marrow are pluripotent stem cells and approximately 5% of these cells may be actively cycling at any one time. The stem cell pool maintains itself through a process of asymmetrical cell division when a stem cell divides, one daughter cell remains a stem cell and the other becomes a committed colony-forming cell (CFC). The proliferation and differentiation of CFCs are controlled by hematopoietic growth factors. The hematopoietic growth factors stimulate cell division, differentiation and maturation, and convert the dividing cells into a population of terminally differentiated functional cells. 

In these model studies, evaluation of /rld/ [(. is simplified because reactions that compete with disproportionation or combination are more readily detected and allowed for. However, by their very nature, model studies cannot exactly simulate all aspects of the polymerization process. Consequently, a number of factors must be borne in mind when using model studies to investigate the termination process. These stem from differences inherent in polymerization vs simple organic reactions and include ... 

The systematic name of a diketose is formed by replacing the terminal -se of the stem name by -diulose . The locants of the (potential) carbonyl groups must be the lowest possible and appear before the ending. The stem name is preceded by the appropriate configurational prefix. If there is a choice of names, a decision is made on the basis of 2-Carb-2.2.2. In cyclic forms, locants may be needed for the positions of ring closure that of the (potential) carbonyl group is cited first. 

The stems of the tree were foimd to contain polysaccharides consisting of arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid and only minor amoimts of rham-nose. Structural studies indicate that the polymeric material consists of 1,4-linked galacturonic acid residues, terminal, 1,4-, 1,6- and 1,3,6 galactose units and terminal and 1,5-linked arabinofuranose residues. Further studies must be performed on this in order to determine what type of pectin it can be classified as. The Hnkage data indicate that both AG-I and AG-II are present. This polymer was shown to activate polyclonal B-cells [78]. 

Huttenrauch F, Nitzki A, Lin FT, Honing S, Oppermann M (2002) Beta-arrestin binding to CC chemokine receptor 5 requires multiple C-terminal receptor phosphorylation sites and involves a conserved Asp-Arg-Tyr sequence motif. J Biol Chem 277 30769-30777 Imitola J, Raddassi K, Park KI, Mueller FJ, Nieto M, Teng YD, Frenkel D, Li J, Sidman RL, Walsh CA, Snyder EY, Khoury SJ (2004) Directed migration of neural stem cells to sites of CNS injury by the stromal cell-derived factor lalpha/CXC chemokine receptor 4 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 18117-18122... 

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