Stem cells human adult

Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Yamanaka S et al (2007) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131 861-872... 

There are two types of stem cells embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Human embryonic stem cells are thought to have much greater developmental potential than adult stem cells because they are pluripotent, which means they are able to develop into any type of cell. Adult stem cells are multipo-tent, meaning they can become cells corresponding to the type of tissue in which they reside. 

Takahashi, K., Tanabe, K., Ohnuki, M., et al. Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Fibroblasts by Defined Factors. CeU 131, 861-872 (2007). doi 10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019... 

De Bari, C., Dell accio, F., Tylzanowski, R, and Luyten, F. P. 2001. Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane. Arthritis Rheum, 44,1928-42. 

Synthesis Synthetic methods Staining Applications Bacteria human adipose-derived stem cells multipotent adult progenitor cells parasite lips skin hairs keratin fibers ... 

Adding another layer of complexity to the regulation of mast cell activation levels in vivo is the observation that activated mast cells can respond to, and in some cases produce, a myriad of mediators that may serve to amplify FceRI-induced responses. For example, stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand for KIT, both can enhance FceRI-dependent activation of mouse or human mast cells and, under certain circumstances, can directly induce mast cell degranulation [6, 25, 62]. Thus, elevated SCF levels and/or activating KIT mutations (such as those that occur in mastocytosis) may exacerbate mast cell-driven reactions. Indeed, patients (both adult and children) with extensive skin disease associated with mastocytosis are at increased risk to develop severe anaphylaxis [63]. Moreover, it was recently reported that cases of idiopathic anaphylaxis are... 

Betre H, Ong SR, Guilak F et al (2006) Chondrocytic differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stem cells in elastin-like polypeptide. Biomaterials 27 91-99... 

Future studies in this field should focus on better understanding the biology of NP cells, the functional interactions between IVD components, and the pathobiol-ogy of the IDD process in humans, so that early non-surgical interventions can be tested. Use of adult stem cells pre-differentiated under physiologically relevant conditions on 3D scaffolds prior to implantation by minimally invasive procedures may prove most advantageous. 

Pittenger MF et al (1999) Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science 284(5411) 143-147... 

Such cells are often classified on the basis of their original source as either embryonic or adult stem cells. As the name suggests, embryonic stem cells are derived from the early embryo, whereas adult stem cells are present in various tissues of the adult species. Much of the earlier work on embryonic stem cells was conducted using mouse embryos. Human embryonic stem cells were first isolated and cultured in the laboratory in 1998. Research on adult stem cells spans some four decades, with the discovery during the 1960s of haematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow (Chapter 10). However, the exact distribution profile, role and ability to manipulate adult stem cells (particularly those outside of the bone marrow) are subjects of intense current research, and for which more questions remain than are answered. 

Wu, P., Tarasenko,Y. I., Gu,Y., Huang, L. Y., Coggeshall, R. E. and Yu, Y. Region-specific generation of cholinergic neurons from fetal human neural stem cells grafted in adult rat. Nat. Neurosci. 5 1271-1278,2002. 

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