Steaming operations

A gas turbine CHP scheme, with a heat recovery steam generator producing process steam, operates at the DOMO plant at Beilen in the Netherlands. The plant, which produces dairy products, originally took its electric power (up to 3.2 MW) from the grid and its heat load was met by two gas-fired boilers with a steam production of 25 t/h at 13 bar. 

Tandem, two or more cylinders are on same compressor rod, or one cylinder may be steam operated as drive cylinder with second as compressing cylinder. May also be duplex or multiple tandem, Figure 12-5D. Also see Figure 12-5E. 

Sometimes the Inboard Cylinder is Steam Operated as the Driver... 

All pipes will be installed at ambient temperature. Pipes used to carry hot fluids, whether water, oil or steam, operate at higher temperatures. It follows that they expand (especially in length) with the increase from ambient to... 

Pile Driving Device. Said to have originated in America, this device uses a cartridge of expl placed between the head of a wooden pile and a driving ram. The expin of the charge drives the pile into the ground and simultaneously raises the ram which, upon falling, drives the pile further. This idea was utilized in drop hammers which were explosively, not steam, operated... 

For all LP steam operations in which the total hardness of RW exceeds, say, 10 to 20 ppm CaC03, the use of a softener is preferable to control solely via internal precipitation treatment. Oxygen scavenging and other internal treatment programs should also be provided. Some MPHW/HPHW and lower pressure steam boiler designs may require additional purification beyond simple water softening. 

Norbert s father, however, surely did not send his son to France to enjoy its heady freedoms but to master its science and sugar technology. Vincent Rillieux, who had invented a steam-operated cotton-baling press, would have understood Louisiana s desperate need for modern technology. 

To minimize damage due to power outage, the Celanese Corporation in their plant at Newark, N.J., instituted a policy of always generating half its own power. Merck Company installed additional auxiliary steam power to insure constant refrigeration for its biochemicals at its West Point, Pa., plant. At Allied Chemical s phenol plant in Frankfort, Pa., electric devices on air compressors and pumps were replaced by steam-operated controls, and diesel generators were installed to maintain cooling water circulation. 19... 

TFSA molecules have been extensively and successfully used as steam additives in cyclic steam operations(27-32). Recently, results of a TFSA-waterflood which was conducted in West Texas were reported(33). The purpose of the work described in this paper was to further evaluate the feasibility of recovering incremental oil in a mature waterflood by injection of surfactants which change the wettability of reservoir rock surfaces. In this paper, we present the results of laboratory studies with Thin Film Spreading Agents and the results of a carefully conducted TFSA-waterflood pilot in the Torrance Field located in the Los Angeles Basin of California. 

An uninsulated, chilled water pipe carrying water at 2°C passes through a hot, humid factory area where the temperature is 35°C and the relative humidity is 80 percent because of steam-operated equipment in the factory. If the pipe is 5 cm in diameter and the exposed length is 7.5 m, estimate the condensate which will drip off the pipe. For this estimate assume that the pipe is exposed to saturated vapor at the partial pressure of the water vapor in the air. 

The dehydrogenation catalyst must be sufhciently active to allow for very short contact times and the use of low temperatures, to minimize thermal cracking reactions. Carbon deposits are eliminated by heatihg in the presence of a gas containing oxygen. -This means that the catalyst must be thermally stable to avoid being deactivated during the oxidation of the deposits. The best catalysts contain alamina and chromium oxide, but these cannot be employed in the presence of steam. Operations are conducted at a temperature between 550 and 700 C, and low pressure, less than 0.1.10 Pa absolute. 

Weighted mean-temperature-difference for exchangers with phase changes Conserving steam Operating boilers intermittently Find the most compact surface condenser Does your surface condenser have spare capacity ... 

Fuel Requirements,— Locomotive cranes are for the most part steam operated and on account of the intermittent nature of their operation average fuel consumption is the most reliable index of power requirements. With coal of average grade, the average fuel requirements for standard sizes of locomotive cranes are ... 

Pulsometers (Fig. 13) are pistonless steam-operated displacement pumps with two chambers, AA. The steam enters these chambers alternately and is controlled by a ball or flap valve C. It enters one chamber and forces the water contained therein out through a check valve F to the discharge pipe H until... 

Ethylene diamine can reduce acid hydrolysis. The diamine can be added to the soap or detergent liquor used for the final scour at the boil and the quantity recommended is one part per thousand parts of water. Another product which fulfils the same purpose is Triamine PR (I.C.l.) which is used in the proportion of 0-5 to T5 parts per thousand of water. It must be borne in mind, however, that any continuous processes which include a steaming operation will not respond to after-treatment with amines. This after-treatment can cause a slight, but not very significant reduction in light-fastness. 

A Rankine power generation cycle using steam operates at a temperature of 100 C in the condenser, a pressure of 3.0 MPa in the evaporator, and a ma,ximum temperature of 600°C. Assuming the pump and turbine operate reversibly, plot the cycle on a 7-S diagram for steam, and compute the efficiency of the cycle. 

Cyclic Steam. The idea of using foams in cyclic-steam operations to control injection profiles is well understood and has been demonstrated in the field (next section). However, the role of a foaming surfactant dur-... 

The process of electrolysis of steam operated at higher temperatures (800 - 1000 offers several advantages ... 

As the steam generator was being operated iso thermally at 700 °F. without water when the flow stoppage occurred, the steam-to-mercury barrier must have failed initially without detection, during previous steaming operations. This leak would then have allowed steam to condense in the mercury system and form an undetected water layer in the mercury-system expansion tank. The initial failure was probably not detected because of a fault in the leak-detection alarm system. The subsequent leak in the sodium-mercury barrier then allowed the water collected in the mercury system to enter the sodium. 

A number of steam-operated devices were designed, experimented, and modified since its inception. The contributions of a number of persons, viz. deUa Porta, de Cans, Boyle, Marriotte, Otto von Guericke, Dennis Papin, and Thomas Savery, toward the stody of air and steam were invaluable for the invention of the steam engine. The first steam-operated device designed professionally for practical purpose is the pulsometer pump by Thomas Savery in 1698. This was a steam-operated pump used for excavation in mines. Saveiy s steam pump had no moving parts. Steam was admitted to an empty chamber and condensed. The... 

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