STATs interleukin

Cytokine receptors are a group of structurally related receptors, which couple to the JAK-STAT pathway. Cytokine receptors function as homodimers or heterooligomers. They are divided into two main subclasses, class I, which contains receptors for a variety of hematopoietic growth factors and interleukins and class II, which contains receptors for interferons and interleukins 10, 20/24 and 22. 

Cytokine receptors that couple to the JAK-STAT Pathway decode the signaling though hematopoietic cytokines (erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, colony-stimulating factors), prolactin, growth hormone, the a-, (3- and y- interferons, and a number of immunomodulatory interleukins [3], They form homodimetic or heterodimeric receptor complexes, which after ligandbinding recruit and activate isotypes of Janus kinases (JAKs). Activated JAKs in turn... 

The first etCCR application has been reported for a partially C— N-labeled phosphotyrosine peptide derived from interleukin-4 receptor ligated to STAT-6 [107] and subsequent studies involve nucleotide cofactors ligated to human recombinant deoxycytidine kinase [108] and epothilone A bound to tubulin [109]. Since etCCR usually involves isotope-labeling schemes for the ligand, its applicability is limited to specific molecular classes. 

Alas S, Bonavida B. Rituximab inactivates signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STATS) activity in B-non-Hodgkin s lymphoma through inhibition of the interleukin 10 autocrine/paracrine loop and results in down-regulation of Bcl-2 and sensitization to cytotoxic drugs. Cancer Res 2001 61 5137-5144. 

Heinrich PC, Behrmann I, Muller-Newen G, Schaper F, Graeve L. 1998. Interleukin-6 type cytokine signaling through the gpl30/JAK/STAT pathway. Biochem J. 334 297-314. 

Heinrich, P. C., Behrmann, I., Muller-Newen, G., Schaper, F., and Graeve, L. (1998). Interleukin-6-type cytokine signalling through the gpl30/Jak/STAT pathway. Biochem. J. 334(Pt 2), 297-314. 

Demoulin JB, Uyttenliove C, Van Roost E, et al. A single tyrosine of the interleukin-9 (IL-9) receptor is required for STAT activation, antiapoptotic activity, and growth regulation by IL-9, Mol CeU Biol 1996 16 4710-6. 

These JAK/STAT-coupled receptors concern the effects of cytokines the growth hormone somatotropin (GH), erythropoietin (EPO), prolactin (PRL), granulocyte-colony-stimulating-factor (G-CSF), granulocyte and macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF), leptin, thrombopoi-etin, interferons a, 3 and % and interleukins 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 9,10 and 15. 

Wegenka, U.M., Liitticken, C., Buschmann, J., Yuan, J., Lott-speich, F., Muller-Esterl, W., Schindler, C., Roeb, E., Heinrich, P.C. and Horn, F. (1994) The interleukin-6-activated acute-phase response factor is antigenically and functionally related to members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 3186-3196. 

Friedmann PS, Strickland I, Pirmohamed M, Park BK (1994) Investigation of mechanisms in toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by carbamazepine. Arch Dermatol 130 598-604 Fujino S, Andoh A, Bamba S, Ogawa A, Hata K, Araki Y, Bamba T, Fujiyama Y (2003) Increased expression of interleukin 17 in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 52 65-70 Ganey PE, Luyendyk JP, Maddox JF, Roth RA (2004) Adverse hepatic drug reactions inflammatory episodes as consequence and contributOT. Chem Biol Interact 150 35-51 Gao B (2005) Cytokines, STATs and liver disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2 92—100... 

Tanuma N, Shima H, Nakamura K, Kikuchi K Protein tyrosine phosphatase e C selectively inhibits interleukin-6- and interleukin-lO-induced JAK-STAT signaling. Blood 2001 98 3030-3034. Tanuma N, Nakamura K, Shima H, Kikuchi K Protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPe C inhibits Jak-STAT signaling and differentiation induced by interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor in Ml leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 2000 275 28216-28221. 

Cassatella MA, Gasperini S, Bovolenta C, Calzetti F, Vollebregt M, Scapini P, Marchi M, Suzuki R, Suzuki A, Yoshimura A Interleukin-10 (lL-10) selectively enhances C1S3/SOCS3 mRNA expression in human neutrophils Evidence for an IL-lO-induced pathway that is independent of STAT protein activation. Blood 1999 94 2880-2889. 

Jacohson, NG, Szabo SJ, Weber-Nordt RM, Zhong Z, Schreiber RD, Darnell JE Jr, Murphy KM. Interleukin 12 signahng in T helper type 1 (Thl) cells involves t5Tosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and Stat4. J Exp Med 1995 181 1755-1762. 

---