Statoil

Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical (China) Statoil (Norway)... 

Oils The n-alkane series Cg-C, toluene and cyclohexane were purchased from BDH, Poole, UK, each with a stated purity of 99% reagents were used as received. Crude oil samples were obtained from two North Sea fields one located in the Norwegian sector and the other from the UK sector. Stock tank oil from the Gullfaks field was supplied by Statoil, Norway and the other stock tank oil from an undisclosed source. Both crude oils are derived from sandstone formations with reservoir temperatures of 70° and 101°C respectively. 

Alstom, Press Releases, Alstom and Statoil to jointly develop project for chilled ammonia-based C02 capture for natural gas in Norway, http //www.alstom.com/pr corp/2007/corp/43066.EN. php languageId=EN dir=/pr corp/2007/corp/ idRubriqueCourante=15445, June 21, 2007. 

Since 1997, to accelerate the membrane technology towards commercialization, two major alliances have been formed, one comprising Amoco (now part of BP), Praxair, Statoil, Sasol, and Philips, and the other (a US Department of Energy... 

J Present address Statoil Mongstad, NO-5154 Mongstad, Norway. 

NFR) is gratefully acknowledged, as is financial support from Statoil ASA to the... 

Geologic sequestration is already being done in the North Sea. The field produces gas that is heavily contaminated with natural carbon dioxide. Before shipping the gas, the Norwegian oil company Statoil filters out the carbon dioxide and injects it into a sandstone formation half a mile... 

At the end of the 1970s Statoil cracked a North Sea atmospheric residue for the first time in M. W. Kellogg s circulating pilot nnit in Texas [1]. This pilot unit was qnite large, with a capacity of one barrel a day. The test in this pilot nnit was very snccess-ful and showed that North Sea atmospheric residnes were very suitable feedstocks for a residue fluid catalytic cracker, and that North Sea atmospheric residnes gave very promising prodnct yields. 

Some years later Statoil decided to start a project within catalytic cracking in order to learn more abont residue fluid catalytic cracking in general, and particnlarly abont catalysts suitable for this process. The project started as a prestudy for the residue fluid catalytic cracker unit (FCCU) that Statoil was planning to bnild at the Mongstad refinery in Norway. The intention was to crack North Sea atmospheric residue directly, without first using a vacuum gas distillation tower followed by cracking... 

The ARCO pilot unit is a well-established pilot unit originally designed for vacuum gas oil as feed. This small circulating pilot unit is working at atmospheric pressure [2]. The common way to investigate residue feedstocks at that time, in the mid-1980s, was to mix them into vacuum gas oil and calculate their yields by comparison with the clean vacuum gas oil [3]. Statoil, however, wanted to study the atmospheric residue directly and this was not possible without some modifications of the ARCO pilot unit. The successful result of this was published some years later [4]. 

The feeds used in all experiments presented in this paper are North Sea atmospheric residues originating from the atmospheric distillation tower at the Statoil Mongstad refinery in Norway. After the start-up of the residue fluid catalytic cracker at this refinery in 1989, the same feed has been used both in the commercial FCCU and in the ARCO pilot unit at Chalmers. Typical data for some North Sea atmospheric residue feeds used in the ARCO pilot unit are shown in Table 3.1. 

The catalysts used in the pilot unit are both equilibrium catalysts from the FCCU at the Statoil Mongstad refinery, and impregnated and deactivated fresh catalysts from different vendors. The catalysts have been impregnated with nickel and vanadium naphthenates. The amount of metals has varied over the years, but the nickel to vanadium ratio has usually been 2 3. The deactivation procedure has also changed over the years, as new deactivation methods have been developed and existing deactivation methods have been improved. 

The ARCO pilot unit has shown to be a versatile tool for studying cracking of North Sea atmospheric residues. The yields from this unit were comparable with the yields from the FCCU at the Statoil Mongstad refinery on one occasion. 

The authors are grateful to Statoil for permission to publish this paper. 

The main actors in existing projects tend to be companies involved in fossil fuel extraction and combustion oil and gas companies, coal producers, and some car manufacturers. These include, but are not limited to BP, Exxon-Mobil, Shell, EdF, Ford, Statoil, Chevron-Texaco, Total, RWE, Ford, and General Motors. 

High-temperature PEMFC Stack with Methanol Reforming (AMFC) (Volvo (S), Technical University of Denmark (DK), Statoil (N), NTNU (N), University of Newscastle-Upon-Tyne (UK), Proton Motor Fuel Cell (D)). 

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