Statistics precision profile

The measurement precision by the FUMI theory would be useful for circumventing the above-mentioned problem in the present FIA-ECD. In order to verify the precision of measurements, the FUMI theory can be applied to provide the present FIA-ECD. Theoretical RSDs predicted by the FUMI theory were compared with an experimentally observed RSD by repetitive measurements. Precision profiles of citric acid were examined as an example. The experimentally observed RSD at 0.05 mM was 2.1% ( = 6). Meanwhile, the theoretical predicted RSD of citric acid at 0.05 mM was 1.6%. This value was within the 95% confidence interval of the statistically obtained RSD at 0.05 mM citric acid (m = 6), ranging from 1.3% to 5.2%. Thus, it was found the measurement precision by ISO 11843-7 is applicable to estimate the precision in FIA-ECD without repeated measurements of real samples. The present assessment strategy using the prediction of measurement precision by ISO 11843-7 is useful for routine checks of FIA-ECD, saving not only considerable amounts of chemicals but also experimental time. 

We have developed the TES system with sensitivity correction. The sensitivity correction increases the stability of the peak center with X-ray spectrum. The sensitivity correction was effective for the long time measurement to increase the statistic precision. The high energy resolution of revised the TES system was precisely able to determine the true peak center of the X-ray profile of MnO. 

The specification development process is a data-driven activity that requires a validated analytical method. The levels of data needed include assay precision, replicate process results (process precision), and real-time stability profiles. A statistical analysis of these data is critical in setting a realistic specification. Most often, aggregation and fragmentation degradation mechanisms are common to protein and peptide therapeutics. Therefore, the SE-HPLC method provides a critical quality parameter that would need to be controlled by a specification limit. 

The reflection intensities can be measured as the sums of the intensities recorded at each point of the scanned profile. The computer of the system can carry out the measurement in both accumulation mode (to achieve the same required statistical accuracy for all reflections either strong or weak) or in constant time mode. Although in accumulation mode, precision of the order of 1% can be achieved for all reflections in the ED pattern (dynamical range of 10 ), measurement time is within the order of 10 min up to now. However, it is foreseen that in near future, measurement times of 1 min can be achieved for up to 50 reflections. 

Microarrays are thousands of 150- to 250-micron spots of DNA bound to microscope slides in a precise and known pattern. Each DNA spot quantitatively hybridizes to a specific mRNA so that expression of thousands of individual genes can be measured simultaneously. Importantly, microarray techniques are sensitive typically, twofold differences in mRNA concentration are determined and each gene/ DNA spot has a sensitivity of 15 attomoles, or approximately one out of 300,000 transcripts can be measured. Application of statistical analyses with appropriate replication has improved these analyses such that less than 1.5-fold differences are readily discerned. The most common use of microarrays is to profile transcript levels on a genome-wide basis. The idea is that knowledge of where (what tissue) and when and how much a gene is expressed will inform its function. Comparisons of gene... 

In a recent study, using multivariate statistical analysis of quantitative sensory descriptive analysis and precise chemical compositional data, Smyth et al. (2005) found that the importance of individual yeast esters to the aroma profile of wine can vary with the type of wine. In the case of unwooded Chardonnay wines, for... 

For predicting of surface tensions [2.11.5] is not sufficiently precise. It may be mentioned that alternative statistical analyses do not lead to significantly different outcomes for y and for the profile y(z). Such analyses are beyond the scope of FIGS. 

Precision in establishing the profile, and hence the position, of a diffraction line is governed mainly by the statistical error in counting. As shown by Eq. (7-8), this... 

An example of the time constraints in depth profile analysis is noted in high precision depth profiling of dopants as is reqnired in the semiconductor industry. In addition to the reqnirement of primary ion beam stability, these typically employ the collection of at least three replicate profiles per analysis site. A minimum of three is stipulated as this represents the minimnm value needed in carrying out any form of statistical analysis. Only throngh snch methodologies can a dose precision of better than 1% be derived (this is assnming that the substrate contains sufficient dose to provide the needed connting statistics). 

Limitations. Irrespective of the statistical method selected, the goal must be to determine which peaks in the gas chromatographic profile are the best indicators of sensory quality. This peak selection together with a mathematical model are used to analytically monitor (or predict) sensory quality. Assuming that the analytical method is both accurate and precise, an instrumental method such as this can very effectively predict sensory quality. In a quality control laboratory, this analytical approach can serve as an untiring evaluator. 

As a commercial company that provides analytical services for the determination of radionuclides for a wide variety of clients, AMEC required a more accurate and reliable method to be developed. It needed to use relatively low hazard chemicals, have improved accuracy and precision and utilise common radiochemical analytical laboratory equipment such as liquid scintillation counters and gravity fed chromatography columns. In addition, the process must have realistic and commercially viable batch sizes, operator time and turnaround times, so that samples can be analysed in a cost-effective manner. Ideally the whole process for a batch of samples should not exceed more than one working week. As part of the validation process both internal and external quality control (QC) samples were used along with statistical tests, such as zeta (Q scores and student t-tests , to determine the accuracy of the improved method. In addition, elution profiles for iodine and chlorine and decontamination tests for potentially interfering radionuclides were also carried out in order to further validate the process. 

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