State governments, development standards

This article presents a comprehensive view of the present state-of-the-art of radiochemical separations for the following trace elements in coal Hg, Rb, Cs, Se, Ga, As, Sb, Br, Zn, Cd, and U. Most of the work on the determination of trace elements in coal is very recent. The accuracy of the analysis methods, nearly all newly developed, has been open to question because of the lack of standards and lack of knowledge of the range of concentrations for many trace elements in coal. Federal government laboratories have taken the lead in evaluating methods of analysis and in developing standards. By a round-... 

Food laws developed in various countries reflect the way governments are organized and the state of development of the food industry. Different interpretations of scientific and nutritional information can result in establishment of different standards. This is demonstrated by the comparison of Canadian and U.S. rules on flour enrichment (Table 12-2). 

Regulatory and Advisory Standards. In some cases, rather than performing a detailed risk assessment for a specific situation, a user may wish to rely upon the risk assessments that underlie various published regulatory and advisory standards. In other cases (such as at Superfund sites), the user would want to know the relationship between observed concentrations and regulatory/advisory standards even if she or he intended to perform an independent risk assessment. Risk Assistant contains databases of standards and advisory values developed by the Federal government, State governments, and other bodies, such as ... 

OSHA developed standards based on its perception of need at the request of other federal agencies, state and local governments, and labor organizations. It uses the committee approach for developing standards. Before any of these actions can be undertaken, OSHA must publish its intentions in the Federal Register. Once a standard has been passed, it becomes effective on the date prescribed. 

Similarly, the CG for many years has refrained from developing its own standards for many of its activities, and instead adopted hundreds of industrial standards. Italso transferred some of its offshore workplace inspection responsibilities to the MMS. A month before the Macondo accident in which eleven workers died, the recently retired chief of GG s Office of Standards Evaluation and Development stated that our efforts today are guided by 0MB, which directs agencies to use voluntary consensus standards in lieu of government-unique standards, except where inconsistent... 

Abstract. This document describes the experience of Sao Paulo state government in its initiatives to develop an e-gov standard, focusing on the importance of centralization of access efforts from the citizen s perspective and the role of human-computer interaction and social and digital inclusion in this process. 

As technology advances and e-gov guidelines develop fast, Sao Paulo state departments are more and more offering their services on the Web. Under this scenario in 2002 the Sao Paulo state government - through Casa Civil Strategic Information System Coordination and Prodesp s Poupatempo Superintendence -identified the need to transfer to the web the citizen services standards previously only provided at Poupatempo Service Centers in a face-to-face mode. The aim was to reach excellence levels for digital environmental. 

In 1918, when ANSI was founded, standardization activities were just beginning in the United States. Many groups were developing standards and their interests and activities overlapped. The standards they produced often duplicated or conflicted with each other. The result was the waste of manpower, money, and considerable confusion. Five profes-sional/technical societies and three government departments decided a coordinator was needed and created ANSI to handle the job. 

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