States, definition

The United States definition of beer is as follows. Beer shall mean beer, ale, porter, stout, and other similar fermented beverages of any name of... 

C (250° F) on a filtering medium. The sampling apparatus, however, may have to be modified to conform with the states definition of a particulate. For example, a state may define pai ticulate as any material collectible at stack conditions, a definition that would allow the filtering medium to be located in the stack. 

In reactions at the sulfur atom of a sulfinate ion to form a sulfone, of a sulfoxide to form R3S+—0, or of bisulfite ion to form a sulfonic acid, the fractionally positive sulfur becomes more positively charged in the poly-ionic transition states. Definitive experimental evidence... 

The role of d-type orbitals is not addressed in Table 1. This subject has been addressed for second-row atoms in previous reviews21,22 which contain many references to this subject. It is very difficult to define the energy and radius of the outer-sphere d-type orbitals (nd) in isolated atoms since they are not occupied in the ground state. Rather than make use of some excited state definition, we prefer to postpone a discussion of this subject until after an inspection of the calculated results on the molecular compounds. 

The second type of table is a state definition matrix. Each state should be defined in terms of attributes and associations in the model. Frequently, these boil down to simple conjunctions of assertions about them and so are easy to show in a table (see Figure 3.27). Even if this table is never written, it is always useful to define each state as a function of the existing attributes and associations. 

State definitions for the above diagram lentTo(member) = self (member.loaned)... 

Such state definitions are often combinations of a few boolean terms — some optional link present, some attribute > 0, and so on. Make a table of the combinations, showing how each state has a different combination, and identifying combinations that do not correspond to any state. The complete set of allowed states is an invariant that should be documented for the model. 

It is striking how open some chemists were to collaboration with physicists in the early decades of the twentieth century. We have seen detailed instances of this collaboration in our account in the foregoing chapters of the development of physical organic chemistry and quantum chemistry. Among the figures in the research schools we have analyzed, Lowry was one of the most outspoken about the need for joint endeavors between the physicists and chemists, saying in the early 1920s that "the time is indeed ripe for chemists to state definitely how many types of valency they require the physicists to provide."29... 

The degree of lot-to-lot reproducibility you require from a column is ultimately a function of the needs of a particular assay, which makes it impossible to state definite limits that will be appropriate in every case. Whatever the level of variation, it is important that it be documented. As new lots of media are brought into use over the course of years, their performance vs. the established reference should be included in a master database begun with the original qualification testing. Among other factors, this will allow you to track the column manufacturer s performance over time and possibly detect trends that could affect your assay performance — before a problem occurs. 

We can do this by examining the small Camot cycles in more detail. For example, for the cycle labeled a, we can state definitely, because the adiabatic steps contribute nothing to DQ/T, that... 

One algorithm for blindly approximating physical states has already been proposed [36], although the method requires the number of states to be input. In work to be reported soon, Zhang and Zuckerman developed a simple procedure for approximating physical states that does not require input of the number of states. In several systems, moreover, it was found that sample-size estimation is relatively insensitive to the precise state definitions (providing they are reasonably physical, in terms of the timescale discussion above). The authors are therefore optimistic that a "benchmark" blind, automated method for sample-size characterization will be available before long. 

Muller s important discovery seems to have been overlooked for fifteen years, but on January 25, 1798, M. H. Klaproth read a paper on the gold ores of Transylvania before the Academy of Sciences in Berlin. He reminded his hearers of the forgotten element, and suggested for it the name tellurium, meaning earth, by which it has ever since been known (3). It is hard to understand why so many historians of science credit him with the discovery of tellurium. Klaproth, who was never desirous of undeserved honors, stated definitely that the element had been discovered by Muller von Reichenstein in 1782 (11, 14). 

Projectile. A missile for use in any type of gun. In a general sense the term is sometimes applied to rockets and guided missiles, although they may not fall within the stated definition. The term projectile is preferred over "shell" "shot", and the like, in official nomenclature (Ref 40a, p 113). Principal parts of projectiles and their types are described in Section 4, Part B of this Vol)... 

When motivation became the object of scientific study, the same kind of exceptions to rational choice soon became apparent. Pavlov came up with the most robust solution—conditioned behavior, refined to conditioned motives, stated definitively in . H. Mowrer s two-factor theory (1947).1 In this form, Plato s passions seemed discernible in parametric research, and the ancient dual model was perpetuated. 

Oxidation of two out of 13 tryptophan residues in a cellulase from Penicillium notatum resulted in a complete loss of enzymic activity (59). There was an interaction between cellobiose and tryptophan residues in the enzyme. Participation of histidine residues is also suspected in the catalytic mechanism since diazonium-l-H-tetrazole inactivated the enzyme. A xylanase from Trametes hirsuta was inactivated by N-bromosuc-cinimide and partially inactivated by N-acetylimidazole (60), indicating the possible involvement of tryptophan and tyrosine residues in the active site. As with many chemical modification experiments, it is not possible to state definitively that certain residues are involved in the active site since inactivation might be caused by conformational changes in the enzyme molecule produced by the change in properties of residues distant from the active site. However, from a summary of the available evidence it appears that, for many / -(l- 4) glycoside hydrolases, acidic and aromatic amino acid residues are involved in the catalytic site, probably at the active and binding sites, respectively. 

Both the excited states arising from the t2 J configuration12,13) and quartets7) from t2geg were invoked as possible reactive states. Definitive experimental evidence is now available which shows that the low lying doublet states are unreactive with respect to photosubstitution in Cr(CN)6.3-14) Reaction (4) occurs with Q.08 and 0.09 quantum efficiency upon 305 nm and 370 nm photolysis, respectively.15) The approximate energetic positions of the low lying LF states of Cr(CN) - are shown... 

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