Staphylococcal enterotoxin, effects

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B 1. Aerosol 2. Sabotage No 1-6 hours Days to weeks Low Stable Under development Not effective No... 

Wiygul G. and Sikorowski P. P. (1986) The effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin B on pheromone production in fat bodies isolated from male boll weevils. J. Invertebrate Path. 47, 116-119. 

Clark WG, Borison HL Pyrogenic effect of purified staphylococcal enterotoxin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1963 142 237-241. 

Langford MP, Stanton GJ, Johnson HM Biological effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin A on human peripheral lymphocytes. Infect Immun 1978 22 62-68. 

Sheehan DG, Jervis HR, Takeuchi A, Sprinz H The effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin on the epithelial mucosubstance of the small intestine of rhesus monkeys. Am J Pathol 1970 60 1-18. 

Baschieri S, Lees RK, Lussow AR, MacDonald HR Clonal anergy to staphylococcal enterotoxin B in vivo selective effects onT cell subsets and lymphokines. Eur J Immunol 1993 23 2661-2666. 

N. Kawashima and A.W. Kusnecov, Effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin A on pituitary-adrenal activation and neophobic behaviour in the C57 BL/6 mouse, Journal of Neuroimmunology, 123, 2002, 41-9. 

T. Kaneta and A.W. Kusnecov, The role of central corticotropin-releasing hormone in the anorexic and endocrine effects of the bacterial T cell superantigen, Staphylococcal enterotoxin A, Brain, Behaviour, and Immunity, 19, 2005, 138-46. 

General supportive measures are likely to be effective in therapy of intoxication. Artificial ventilation could be lifesaving in the case of neurotoxins such as the botulinum toxins and saxitoxin. Oxygen therapy, with or without artificial ventilation, may be beneficial for intoxication with toxins such as ricin that directly damage the alveolar-capillary membrane of the lung. Vasoactive drugs and volume expanders could be used to treat the shocklike state that accompanies some intoxications (eg, with staphylococcal enterotoxin B). These measures could be used in conjunction with more specific therapies. 

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of seven enterotoxins produced by strains of Staphylococcus aureus. SEB, the best understood of the staphylococcal enterotoxins, can be regarded as the type enterotoxin. Staphylococcal enterotoxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), and certain other bacterial products (such as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins [SPE]) and viral products (which are not discussed in this chapter) are commonly referred to as superantigens because of their profound effects on the immune system. Minute concentrations of superantigens can activate the immune system receptors because they bind with strong avidity to T-cell antigen receptors and class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). 

PLGA Protective effect of recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxin A Vaccination against Staphylococcus aureus infection [56]... 

Chen, L. Li, S. Wang, Z. Chang, R. Su, J. Han, B. Protective effect of recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxin A entrapped in polylactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres against Staphylococcus aureus infection. Vet. Res. 2012,43 (1), 1-20. 

Wiygul, G., and P.P. Sikorowski The Effect of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B on Pheromone Production in Fat Bodies Isolated from Male Boll Weevils. J. Inver-tebr. Pathol. 47, 116-119 (1986). 

Spero, L., Griffin, B.Y., Middlebrook, J.L. and Metzger, J.F. 1976. Effect of single and double peptide bond scission by trypsin on the structure and activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin C. J. Biol. Chem. 251 5580-5588. 

With the role of S. aureus as disease modifier being established, a number of therapeutic approaches may be considered (fig. 2). The potential therapeutic effect of a treatment to eradicate S. aureus in polyp disease or asthma has not been studied yet, but large-scale double-blind placebo-controlled randomized studies are currently ongoing. From atopic dermatitis, a disease sharing the modifying effects of staphylococcal superantigens on inflammation and disease severity, we can deduce therapeutic approaches. The skin of up to 100% of patients with atopic dermatitis is colonized with S. aureus, of which up to 65% have been shown to produce enterotoxins with superantigenic properties. Ten patients were treated orally with antibiotics, chlorhexidine ointment was... 

Staphylococcal entero-toxin B Enterotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus, may be inhaled or ingested. Onset as eariy as 3-4 hours, duration 3-4 days. Fever, chills, myalgia, cough, dyspnea, headache, nausea, vomiting symptoms usual onset 8-12 hours after exposure. Treatment supportive. Victims are not contagious, do not need isolation. Vaccine and immunotherapy effective in animals. 

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