Staphylococcal B

Staphylococcal B Improperly 1-6 h No Standard N/V/D, flu-like Fever up to Supportive... 

G. J. Silverman et al., The dual phases of the response to a neonatal exposure to a VH family-restricted staphylococcal B cell superantigen, Journal of Immunology, 161, 1998, 5720-32 C. S. Goodyear and G. J. Silverman, Death by a B cell superantigen in vivo VH-targeted apoptotic supraclonal B cell deletion by a staphylococcal toxin, Journal of Experimental Medicine, 197, 2003, 1125-39. 

The simplest pyrimidine antibiotic is bacimethrin, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxypyrimidin-4-amine (985), which was isolated in 1961 from Bacillus megatherium and is active against several yeasts and bacteria in vitro as well as against staphylococcal infections in vivo it has some anticarcinoma activity in mice (69MI21301). It may be synthesized by LAH reduction of ethyl 4-amino-2-methoxypyrimidine-5-carboxylate (984) which may be made by primary synthesis in poor yield, or better, from the sulfone (983) (B-68MI21304). 

Figure 6 Thermodynamic cycle for multi-substate free energy calculation. System A has n substates system B has m. The free energy difference between A and B is related to the substate free energy differences through Eq. (41). A numerical example is shown in the graph (from Ref. 39), where A and B are two isomers of a surface loop of staphylococcal nuclease, related by cis-trans isomerization of proline 117. The cis trans free energy calculation took into account 20 substates for each isomer only the six or seven most stable are included in the plot.

In reconstitution experiments, the self-assembly of the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus (aHL) [181-183] was examined in plain and S-layer-supported lipid bilayers. Staphylococcal aHL formed lytic pores when added to the lipid-exposed side of the DPhPC bilayer with or without an attached S-layer from B coagulans E38/vl. The assembly of aHL pores was slower at S-layer-supported compared to unsupported folded membranes. No assembly could be detected upon adding aHL monomers to the S-layer face of the composite membrane. Therefore, the intrinsic molecular sieving properties of the S-layer lattice did not allow passage of aHL monomers through the S-layer pores to the lipid bilayer [142]. 

D22. Dirkes, K., Harris, B. H., Connolly, R. J., Schwaitzberg, S. D., Dinarello, C. A., and Gelfand, J. A., Platelet activating factor-antagonist improves survival in experimental staphylococcal septicemia. 7. Pediatr. Surg. 29, 1055-1057 (1994). 

Okada K, Sakusabe N, Kobayashi A, Hoshi N, Sato K. Prevention of lung metastasis by intra-tumoural injection of Cepharanthin and staphylococcal enterotoxin B in transplantable rat osteosarcoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 1999 90 928-933. 

Fig. 4. Scatterplots of the Nh residual dipolar couplings from three different denatured states of staphylococcal nuclease plotted against each other. (A) Wild-type, full-length nuclease in 4 M urea (y-axis) versus A131A in buffer (x-axis). (B) Wild-type, full-length nuclease denatured by acid (25 mM citrate, pH 3.0) (y-axis) versus A131A in buffer (x-axis).

Representatives of medium-size analytes detected by affinity biosensors based on spectroscopy of guided modes include food-safety related analytes such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B , botulinum toxin, and E. coli... 

Rasooly A., Surface plasmon resonance analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in food, Journal of Food Protection 2001 64 37-43. 

Homola J., Dostalek J., Chen S., Rasooly A., Jiang S., Yee S.S., Spectral surface plasmon resonance biosensor for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in milk, Intern. J. Food Microbiology 2002 75 61-69. 

Tempelman L.A., King K.D., Anderson G.P., Ligler F.S., Quantitating staphylococcal enterotoxin B in diverse media using a portable fiber optic biosensor, Anal. Biochem. 1996 223 50-57. 

Shriver-Lake L.C, Shubin Y., Ligler F.S., Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in spiked food samples, J. Food Protect. 2003 66 1851-1856. 

Dunn, B.M., and Affinsen, C.B. (1974) Kinetics of Woodward s reagent K hydrolysis and reaction with staphylococcal nuclease./. Biol. Chem. 249, 3717. 

Ermacora, M.R., Delfino, J.M., Cuenoud, B., Schepartz, A., and Fox, R.O. (1992) Conformation-dependent cleavage of Staphylococcal nuclease with a disulfide-linked iron chelate. PNAS 89, 6383. 

The answer is b. (Hardman, p 1077.) Oxacillin is classified as a penicillinase-resistant penicillin that is relatively acid-stable and, therefore, is useful for oral administration. Major adverse reactions include penicillin hypersensitivity and interstitial nephritis. With the exception of methi-cillin, which is 35% bound to serum proteins, all penicillinase-resistant penicillins are highly bound to plasma proteins. Oxacillin has a very narrow spectrum and is used primarily as an anti staphylococcal agent... 

Differential Diagnosis An epidemic of inhalation anthrax in its early stage with nonspecific symptoms could be confused with a number of viral, bacteria, and fungal infections. Progression over two to three days with sudden development of severe respiratory distress followed by shock and death within twenty-four to thirty-six hours in essentially all untreated cases eliminates diagnosis other than inhalation anthrax. Other diagnosis to consider would include aerosol exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), plague, or tularemia pneumonia. 

Caution A toxin is a poison produced by a living organism. The middle term of staphylococcal enterotoxin B means a toxin that is produced by microorganisms, such as some staphylococci, and causes gastrointestinal symptoms. 

Biological Agents BACTERIA (Anthrax, Brucellosis, Cholera, Plague, Tularemia). VIRUSES (Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Rift Valley Fever, Smallpox, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE), Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (Ebola)). TOXINS (Botulinum, Ricin, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB), Trichothecene Mycotoxins/T-2). 

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