Intra-tumoural injection

Okada K, Sakusabe N, Kobayashi A, Hoshi N, Sato K. Prevention of lung metastasis by intra-tumoural injection of Cepharanthin and staphylococcal enterotoxin B in transplantable rat osteosarcoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 1999 90 928-933. 

Soler et al. (2000) Gene therapy naked CMViNOS DNA Mouse orthotopic thyroid cancer (rMTC 6-23) Tumour size reduced by 50% after intra-tumoural injection... 

Worthington et al. (2002) Gene therapy CMViNOS plasmid in liposome Mouse hbrosarcoma (RIF-1) Single intra-tumoural injection of CMViNOS (25 p,g) slowed tumour growth by 50%. 

Wang et al. (2004) Gene therapy AdiNOS Human colon xenograft (HCT-116) Intra-tumoural injection of AdiNOS slowed tumour growth by 20%... 

Worthington et al. (2007) Gene transfer WAFliNOS plasmid in liposome Mouse fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) and human colon cancer (HT29) Intra-tumoural injections (2 over 3 days) of WAFliNOS (25 p,g) enhanced fractionated irradiation (10 fractions in 5 days)... 

Cooper W O, Fava R A, Gates C A, et al. (1992). Acceleration of onset of collagen-induced arthritis by intra-articular injection of tumour necrosis factor or transforming growth factor-beta. Clin. Experim. Immunol. 89 244-250. 

Angiography is indicated for preoperative localisation of the tumour, which can be single or multiple (Fig. 14.4). Historically, the sensitivity of angiographic localisation has been increased by the use of intra-arterial injection of secretin (Doppman et al. 1990). This has now largely been superseded by using calcium gluconate, which has been demonstrated to be a highly sensitive and specific alternative (Turner et al. 2002). 

Liver metastases are frequently multiple. They vary in size and are usually hypodense. In contrast to liver parenchyma, they display relatively sharp contours, with a difference in density of at least 10 -15 HU. In fatty liver, metastases may even appear hyperdense. Liver metastases are mainly supplied by arterial blood. Therefore i.v. (or even intra-arterial) bolus injection of CM produces the best diagnosis the metastasis shows increased CM enrichment during the short hypervascular phase additionally, a peripheral margin forms as a result of the increased concentration of CM. Metastases of 5 -10 mm can be detected. Data in the literature confirm a sensitivity of 65-91% (in breast cancer up to 100%) and a specificity of 81 - 92% with a success rate of 80 - 85%. Proof of metastases clearly depends on the histology of the primary tumour the best diagnostic results are obtained in breast and colon carcinomas. (22,39,50,53,57)... 

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