Standards needs selling

This book is about quality in the analytical chemistry laboratory, but what do we mean by quality It is easier to understand when dealing with various products, e.g. cars or clothes. All successful manufacturers have to produce goods that they can sell. Car manufacturers will have a range of products to suit their customers needs. They will all be made to a high standard so that they comply with legislation however, they will be aimed at people with different needs. You can compare this with an analytical laboratory. Analytical chemists produce results that are passed on to someone else (the customer) who will use them to solve a problem. The laboratory is providing a service. 

A key source of contention came from the definition of substantial evidence, the standard of effectiveness needed to continue to sell a drug. The legislation reads... 

All of these chemicals are, of course, available through chemical supply houses. The trouble is that many of these houses do not sell to individuals but only to schools and established laboratories. Also, the chemicals usually come in a standard amount of 34lb. — or even 1 lb. — where, in home experiments, you would need 1 ounce or less. The same is often the case when you buy chemicals in a local store. The minimum-sized packages or jars may be so large that you couldn t possibly use up the contents in a year of experiments. You will probably also have to repack what you actually need into glass jars of suitable size for efficiency and to fit your storage space. 

Certainly the effort of following a checklist cannot be avoided. A less rigorous alternative is to call several manufacturers, have their representatives stop by, visit their plants or customer locations and witness demonstrations of their equipment, and then decide which seems to best meet one s needs. Both this approach, which seems to be the standard in industry, and the more rigorous approach to overall planning suggested here, will yield a system. But the rigorous approach is most likely to yield a successful system and it is often an approach that is easier to sell to supervision and management. 

The major selling point of standard cosmology is the observed isotropic microwave background radiation, with black-body spectrum. In a closed universe it needs no explanation. Radiation, which accumulates in any closed cavity, tends, by definition, to an equilibrium wavelength distribution according to Planck s formula (Figure 2.5). 

With this, the dealer has the guarantee that he is selling products that fulfill existing standards and for the farmer it is important to use machines that fiilfill existing standards too. It is well known that despite the EU Directive and national regulations, dealers are, in some cases, selling or renting machines that are not up to standard. In addition, the test report offers useful information for the best choice of machines in relation to his real needs. 

Chinese clinicians have the same competencies as any elsewhere in the world, but possibly few have any experience of working to GCP standards, and the administrators of hospitals are also not familiar with the concept. Thus, much time and energy needs to be directed at the training of investigators and those with power to sell the concept of source data verification, and such a task must be done by a Chinese speaker because of the subtlety of the alphabet and the risk of misunderstanding. 

Here it is specified that import or manufacture of a drug needs official approval and that the drug should be re-examined and then re-evaluated after a certain period of marketing. Chapter 5 Selling drugs and medical devices, deals with licenses for sales and restrictions. Chapter 6 Standards and tests for drugs, etc. Establishes the Japanese Pharmacopoeia and other standards. 

To shed more light on why we need standards and codes, let us consider products that we all are familiar with, for example, shoes or shirts. In the United States, you are fiimiliar vfith shoe sizes of 9 or 10 or 11 and so on, as shown in Table 3.5. In Europe, die standard shoe sizes are 43 or 44 or 45 and so on. Similarly, the sumdard shirt sizes in the United States are 15 or 15 or 16 and so on, whereas in Euope the standard shirt sizes are 38,39, or 41 and so on. If a shirt manufacturer in Europe wants to sell shirts in the United States, it has to label them such that people understand the sizes so that they can choose a shirt of the correct size. Conversely, if a shoe man-ufactuer from the United States wants to sell shoes in Europe, it has to label them such that the shoe sizes ate understood by European customers. Would it not be easier if every shirt or shoe manufactuer in the world used uniform size identifications to eliminate the need for cross referencmg These simple examples demonstrate the need for uniformity in the size and the way products are labeled. Now, rbinlc about all possible parts and components that are manu-factued every by thousands of companies around the world parts and components such as... 

Quality assurance and quality control are the important, unique, and complex area of the textile, apparel, and accessories industries. Quality assurance is not quality control, but quality control is an aspect of quality assurance. Quality needs to be incorporated into every aspect of a product from the original design concept to the marketing and selling of a product. Many organizations, such as AATCC and ASTM, focus on setting standards for the industry. Individual companies look at those standards and set their own specifications based on their target market. 

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