Staining sudan

Figure 12. Light microscopy photomicrograph of transverse section of Picea sp. from a 1200 A.D. Thule site Herschel Island. The preparation was stained with an oil stain, Sudan III. The stained oil is seen as dark deposits, mainly in the latewood tracheids.

The Sudan series of azo dyes, which have also been synthesized in micro reactors, are commonly used as microbial stains. The thermally unstable nature of the diazonium precursors and reported explosions often demand extensive safety procedures when going to an industrial scale, which limits the commercial applicability of the azo reaction. 

Malabsorption of fat can be detected by Sudan staining of the feces or a 72-hour quantitative measurement of fecal fat. 

Aldehyde groups stain pink Lipids and fatty acids—Sudan III Unfixed or fixed frozen sections Take sections to 50% aqueous ethanol... 

Stain in Sudan III in 70% ethanol for 30 min Rinse sections in 50% aqueous ethanol Mount in glycerine... 

Azo-dyes are important in medicinal chemistry in the treatment of Crohn s disease and ulcerative colitis [67], and the Sudan series of azo-dyes are commonly used as microbial stains [68]. Diazonium salts are intermediates in the production route of these useful structures. Diazonium salts are instable and explosive, which imposes... 

Figure 2. Necrophylactic periderm in the bark of Picea siichensis following attempted infection by Armillaria obscura. Bark sectioned and stained with Sudan IV, after extraction with chlorine dioxide to remove aromatic compounds, essentially as previously described (15). NT, necrotic tissue TC, thickened cells SIT, relic of suberized impervious tissue NP, necrophylactic periderm. Scale bar = 25 /tm.

Figure 5. Heartwood of Quercus rofeur with advanced decay caused by Gan-oderma adspersum. Although the wood has been extensively degraded, suberized tyloses and vessel linings remain recognizable. Wood sectioned and stained with Sudan IV as previously described (15). Scale bar = 100 pm.

Table 5.2.1 Reference values for lipoproteins stained with Sudan Black B. HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, VLDL very-low-density lipoprotein...

The organic matrix of mollusc shells consists of soluble and insoluble fractions. The insoluble material is primarily hydrophobic. This is best demonstrated by the affinity of the matrix for lipoidal stains such as Sudan Black, even after thorough lipid extraction. The preponderance of aliphatic amino acids may explain this property413. ... 

Brundrett, M.C., Kendrick, B., and Peterson, C.A. 1991. Efficient lipid staining in plant material with Sudan 7B or fluoral yellow 088 in polyethylene glycol-glycerol. Biotechnol. Histochem. 66 111-116. 

Fig. 58. Star electrophoresis. Buffer, Veronal-sodium Veronalate, pH 8.6 i 0.06 substrate, Whatman 3 MM, dimensions, 30 x 30 cm electrical field, constant current 30 ma starting point, 16.1 volts/cm endpoint, 11.6 volts/cm sample, 0.02 ml serum, concentrated 5 times prestained with Sudan black duration, 3 hours, (a) Prestained for lipids, but before staining for protides, (b) After supplementary staining with amido black.

For a time, the question of the bacterial origin of these bodies was hotly debated. Hanks,208 from cytological evidence and the fact that such materials were confined to the leprosy bacillus and disappeared during sulfone therapy, persuasively reasoned that they originated in M. leprae. Moreover, since chloroform in aqueous systems declumped and dispersed M. leprae, he concluded that mycobacterial lipids were the major bonding substances in the electron-transparent material. Since the material of the capsule can be stained with Sudan Black B, Fisher and Barksdale209 and Nishiura et al.2 0 had concluded that the electron-transparent zone which surrounds M. leprae in vivo is lipid. 

There is no difficulty in testing whether a given emulsion is of the oil-in-water or water-in-oil type. Three methods are available the oil-in-water type has a much higher electrical conductivity than, the inverted type, because the conducting phase is the continuous one the oil-in-water type mixes easily with a drop of water, but not with oil, while the water-in-oil type mixes with oil, not water and the oil-in-water type is easily stained with water-soluble dyes, the other type being stained by oil-soluble dyes such as Scharlach R or Sudan III. 

The results indicate that Sudan black penetrated into the bulk phase of lens. The dye permeation test of LBL-coated lens in wet conditions did not show stain. However, when a thin layer of liquid water exists on the surface, the dye test losses validity in terms of evaluating the barrier property of the coating because the oil spreads on the water layer, which acts as a barrier to oil-soluble dye. Wet uncoated lens did show the dye stain, which probably indicates that water on uncoated lens is not as strongly held by the surface as LBL-coated surface. The dye permeation test of LBL-coated lenses under blotted and dried conditions showed stain. The stain in blotted sample was spotty and the color intensity is less than that for the dried surface, which is more intense than that for uncoated lens, i.e., dried LBL-coated lens has the strongest dye absorption. 

Volatile Oils.— Thesc are volatile odoriferous principles found in various parts of numerous plants which arise either as a direct product of the protoplasm or through a decomposition of a layer of the cell wall which Tschirch designates a resinogenous layer. They are readily distilled from plants, together with watery vapor, are slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in fixed oils, ether, chloroform, glacial acetic acid, naphtha, alcohol, benzin and benzol. They leave a spot on paper which, however, soon disappears. They respond to osmic acid, alkannin, Sudan III, and cyanin stains similar to the fixed oils and fats. 

Khouri MK, Huang G, Shiau YF. Sudan stain of fecal fat new insight into an old test. Gastroenterology 1989 96 421-7. 

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