Stain optical glasses

From the optical point of view conventional optical materials, like glasses or plastics, are well characterized. By looking at the manufacturer catalogs for optical glass and plastics (www.us.schot.com www.ohara.corp.com/index.html Mills, 1986 Simonds, 1964) it is possible to find the properties of tens of glasses and plastics. Among those properties are the chemical, thermal, mechanical (micro hardness) and optical. Chemical properties include climate, staining, acids and alkali resistance. Thermal properties include viscosity and thermal expansion. Optical properties include refractive index and dispersion, secundary spectrum and internal transmittance, to mention but a few. 

After their manufacture from molten glass compositions, and before their being used, optical glasses are polished. In these polished glasses, three types of defects are possible. They are dimming, staining, and scratches. 

NH4HF2 is used to solubilize silica and silicates in siliceous rocks of oil wells, thus to regenerate oil flow as a neutralizer for alkalies in textile plants and commercial laundries for removing stains from fabrics for treating, polishing and rapid frosting of glass plates, window panes, picture frames, ampoules and optical lenses to produce pure salts of metal fluorides in treat-... 

Figure 1. (a) Immobilization of poly-L-lysine stained with eosine or hematoxylin (1) between two PSFs (2) or reference glass slides (3). (b) Optical density spectra of bottom and the top PSFs and absorption and fluoiescence spectra of eosine. 

The plasmonic silver films put in pairs as an object-plate and a cover glass allow significantly (up to 3-4 times) increase the staining dyes fluorescence. This effect is observed in the case of optical tuning of LPs. The deposition of hematoxylin-eosine-poly-L-lysine moiety between two plasmonic silver films is carried out as a real biopsy material tincturing in histology. These results may be adopted for clinical assays with the use of biomedical fluorescent microseope. 

Fig. 3. Optical images of H E stained sections of rat calvarial defects implanted with the four groups of scaffolds at 12 weeks (a) 13-93 scaffold (b) 13-93 with thin layer of 13-93B3 (c) 13-93 with thick layer of 13-93B3 (d) 13-93B3. O original (host) bone NB new bone SG silicate glass BG borate glass arrowheads indicate the edges of the defects. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Optical images of von Kossa-stained sections of tbe defects implanted with the four groups of scaffolds at 12 weeks are shown in Fig. 5. The total von Kossa-positive area (the dark-stained area) within the defect indicated the presence of phosphate materials due to mineralized bone and to HA due to conversion of the bioactive glass scaffolds. The 13-93B3 glass appeared to be fully converted to HA within 6 weeks (results not shown). In comparison, the 13-93 glass was only partially converted at 12 weeks. 

Therefore, a major breakthrough toward clinical MALDI imaging was the discovery that the MALDI matrix can be washed off after an experiment and histologically stained images can then be obtained from the same section (1, 10, 11). For practical use, the sample has to be prepared on a slide that addresses the requirements for both imaging methods (1) optical transparency for transmission microscopy and (2) electrical conductivity for MALDI analysis. Conductive indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass slides fulfill both requirements and have become the de facto standard. 

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