Stack development

Porous current collector (air) Cathode/Electrolyte/Anode Porous current collector (fuel) 

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Sakai N, Yokokawa H, Horita T, and Yamaji K. Lanthanum chromite-based interconnects as key materials for SOFC stack development. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 2004 l 23-30. 

The electrolysis in aqueous sulfuric acid with methanol as a cosolvent was perfomed in a filterpress membrane cell stack developed at Reilly and Tar Chemicals. Because of the low current density of the process, a cathode based on a bed of lead shot was used. A planar PbOa anode was used. The organic yield was 93% with approximately 1% of a dimer. The costs of the electrochemical conversion were estimated as one-half of the catalytic hydrogenation on a similar scale. 

A conceptual design of an improved technology stack operating at 120 psi (8.2 atm) and 405°F (207°C) was produced based on cell and stack development and tests. The stack was designed for 355 10 ft (approximately 1 m ) cells to produce over 1 MW dc power in the same physical envelope as the 670 kW stack used in the 11 MW PAFC plant built for Tokyo Electric Power. The improvements made to the design were tested in single cells, and in subscale and full size short stacks. 

M. Hsu, "Zirconia Fuel Cell Power System Planar Stack Development," Fuel Cell Abstracts, 1986 Fuel Cell Seminar, Tucson, AZ, October 26-29, 1986. 

SOFC fuel cell - continue work on components and stack development. 

These observations reveal that the periphery of the developing spherulites is not as smooth as that observed under OM. The growth front of the spherulite looks like a hedgehog and the lamellar stack develops into a spherulite shape only near the end of the growth, as shown in Fig. 37. Furthermore, at the early stage, the spherulite is not round in shape. 

ECN Holland works on both the SOFC and PEMFC. For the PEMFC its web site asserts the imminence of breakthroughs in materials development. ECN is active in electrolyte development, electrode and catalyst development, and stack development. No description is given of the detail design features. 

The standard model of the nature of the jc-jt stacking, developed by Hunter and Saunders and promoted by Cozzi et al. partitions the interaction into a... 

A fuel cell stack developed for transportation applications has to maintain a stable performance for thousands of hours while operating on realistic fuel feed streams. Several critical questions raised in this regard have been ... 

The MCFC is a promising power generating source because of its unique characteristics such as high fuel efficiency and ability to use various carbonaceous fuels. Although Ni-10wt% Cr is used in the state-of-the-art MCFC as anode, it needs to be improved in terms of better creep and sintering resistance. In spite of the development in the alternate cathode material research, lithiated nickel oxide has been the choice of cathode material in the kilowatt-level MCFC stacks developed by many companies. Continuous research in the development of stable electrolyte retention matrix, identification of suitable molten carbonate electrolyte composition, and additives to the electrolyte will be a significant milestone. Also, research in the area of current collector/bipolar plate to overcome... 

A new recycle isotachophoretic process (93) uses a thin-film geometry with the electrical field perpendicular to the principal flow direction. Leading buffer, a marker dye, feed and trailing buffer are introduced into one end of the slit. An isotachophoretic stack develops perpendicular to flow as the liquid moves downstream. A fraction collector at the outlet collects the fractions, which are recycled until the stack sharpens. A computerized feedback control system keeps the stack centered in the apparatus. It regulates the withdrawal of trailing buffer and the addition of leading buffer in counterflow to the migration of the stack, based on the position of the marker dye front. 

Country Institution/ company Employees in SOFC (ca.) Own stack development Main focus in deveiopment... 

RECENT RESULTS OF STACK DEVELOPMENT AT FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH... 

The so-called E- and F-designs for stacks with planar anode substrate type cells and metallic interconnects constitute the work horses at Forschungszentrum Jiilich used for testing SOFC materials, cells and manufacturing processes in cell and stack development since its introduction in the year 2000 [1]. Ferritic interconnects were chosen since they offer a high electric conductivity and thus the potential for high power density in the stacks. On the other hand the ferritic material gives rise to chromium evaporation (which can poison the cathodes) and is prone to massive corrosion at temperatures above approximately 900°C [2],... 

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