Spreading centers rates

Turekian, K.K., Cochran, J.K. and Krishnaswami, S. (1981) The flow rates of Galapagos spreading center hydrothermal waters determined with natural radionuclides. EOS, 62, 914. 

Karson J. A. (2002) Geologic structure of the uppermost oceanic crust created at fast- to intermediate-rate spreading centers. In Annual Reviews Earth Planet of Sciences, Annual Reviews (eds. R. Jeanloz, A. L. Albee, and K. C. Burke). Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, CA, vol. 30, pp. 347-384. 

White S. M., Macdonald K. C., and Sinton J. M. (2002) Volcanic mound fields on the East Pacific Rise, 16°—19° S low effusion rate eruptions at overlapping spreading centers for the past 1 Myr. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 107 article no. 2240. 

Bach W. and Humphris S. E. (1999) Relationship between the Sr and O isotope compositions of hydrothermal fluids and the spreading and magma-supply rates at oceanic spreading centers. Geology 27, 1067-1070. 

A wide variation exists for the number of active centers of oxidation in polymer samples. This reflects the statistical nature of the catalyst residues in polymer particles. On the contrary, the spreading rate coefficient b is approximately constant for the studied samples of PP. The coefficient a is probably sensitive to the morphology of the particles. 

The first well-publicized incident wherein an LNG spill on water produced an explosive vaporization took place during the 1968-1969 tests carried out by the U.S. Bureau of Mines Safety Research Center in Pittsburgh (Burgess et al., 1970, 1972). Under contract to the U.S. Coast Guard, they were studying the spreading and vaporization rates of LNG on water. 

Conversely, controlled immobilization of enzymes at surfaces to enable high-rate direct electron transfer would eliminate the need for the mediator component and possibly lead to enhanced stability. Novel surface chemistries are required that allow protein immobilization with controlled orientation, such that a majority of active centers are within electrontunneling distance of the surface. Additionally, spreading of enzymes on the surfaces must be minimized to prevent deactivation due to irreversible changes in secondary structure. Finally, structures of controlled nanoporosity must be developed to achieve such surface immobilization at high volumetric enzyme loadings. 

Amphetamine abusers and addicts become preoccupied with when and where they will be able to get their next dose. Relationships with family and friends frequently deteriorate as the drug takes center stage in the addict s life. Money problems may began to surface as the addict funds his growing habit. Substance abuse also contributes to crime, domestic violence, sexual assault, drop-out rates, unemployment, and homelessness. It is also a factor in the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unwanted pregnancy. 

Spiral vortex. So far the discussion has been confined to the rotation of all particles in concentric circles. Suppose there is now superimposed a flow with a velocity having radial components, either outward or inward. If the height of the walls of the open vessel were less than that of a liquid surface spread out by some means of centrifugal force, and if liquid were supplied to the center at the proper rate by some means, then it is obvious that liquid would flow outward, over the vessel walls. If, on the other hand, liquid flowed into the tank over the rim from some source at a higher elevation and were drawn out at the center, the flow would be inward. The combination of this approximately radial flow with the circular flow will result in path lines that are some form of spirals. 

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