Control orientation

PS or copolymers are used extensively in injection blow mol ding. Tough and cra2e-resistant PS containers have been made by multiaxiaHy oriented injection-molded parisons (238). This process permits the design of blow-molded objects with a high degree of controlled orientation, independent of blow ratio or shape. 

Shear Controlled Orientation in Injection Moulding (SCORIM)... 

Shear controlled orientation in injection moulding (SCORIM) is based on the progressive application of macroscopic shears at the melt-solid interface during solidification in the moulding of a polymer matrix. 

To summarise this section let it be said that it is necessary for the technologist to control orientation, not the least because of the effect that this might have on stress-cracking that may occur in aggressive chemical environments. 

Schar, C.M., Onder, C.H., Geering, H.P., et al. (2004) Control-Oriented Model of an SCR Catalytic Converter System, SAE Technical Paper Series 2004-01-0153. 

Smith, C. L., "Control-Oriented Languages (Table-Driven Software)", pg. 448, "Real-Time Computing", Duncan Mellichamp, ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold (1983),... 

Diez-Perez I, Hihath J, Lee Y, Yu L, Adamska L, Kozhushner MA, Oleynik II, Tao N (2009) Rectification and stability of a single molecular diode with controlled orientation. Nat Chem 1 635-641... 

Equilibrium Hard-Disk Packings with Controlled Orientational Order. 

Thereby, either a localized or delocalized radical anion is formed in the first step that undergoes cleavage to a radical and X . The radical is further reduced to an anion that is finally protonated. Tetrachloropicolinate is regioselectively dechlorinated at the 4- and 5-position, which is attributed to the controlled orientation of the substrate at the electrode surface owing to the dipole moment of the molecule (Eq. 3) [117]. 

Conversely, controlled immobilization of enzymes at surfaces to enable high-rate direct electron transfer would eliminate the need for the mediator component and possibly lead to enhanced stability. Novel surface chemistries are required that allow protein immobilization with controlled orientation, such that a majority of active centers are within electrontunneling distance of the surface. Additionally, spreading of enzymes on the surfaces must be minimized to prevent deactivation due to irreversible changes in secondary structure. Finally, structures of controlled nanoporosity must be developed to achieve such surface immobilization at high volumetric enzyme loadings. 

In recent years, several proposals have been made for the numerical simulation of SCR catalysts, primarily of coated monoliths [59, 60], and for control-oriented purposes [61]. 

Stretching denotes a monoaxial or biaxial mechanical stress of a molded article close to the glass transition temperature. This leads to a controlled orientation of the molecular chains in the direction of stretching and thus to a substantial change in some physical properties. Fibers and foils made of synthetic polymers gain their optimal properties only by this mechanical post-treatment. Stability, stiffness, and dimensional stability of fibers, for example, increase nearly proportionally with the stretch ratio, whereas stretchability decreases. In practice, the stretch ratio is between 1 2 and 1 6, depending on the polymer material and the desired properties. 

Medina, E.M.G. (1996) Alignment and management of talc platelets in polypropylene matrix by the application of shear controlled orientation injection moulding (SCORIM) technology. PhD thesis, Brunei University, UK... 

The major reason for the high-control orientation is that manufacturing vaccines is more complicated than producing pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals are chemical entities that can be described or characterized with some analytical precision product specifications can be developed based upon such characterization and quality stan-... 

Sharma et al. (2005) developed a ID two-phase model for the analysis of periodic NOx storage and reduction by C3H6 in a catalytic monolith, based on a simplified kinetic scheme. They focused on the evaluation of temperature and reaction fronts along the monolith and their effect on NOx conversion. Kim et al. (2003) proposed a phenomenological control-oriented lean NOx trap model. 

Precedence for remote electron transfer like that observed in the Ti02-Ru (II)-L-Os(II) triads exists. In previous work, a supramolecular approach for designing a molecular sensitizer with controlled orientation of the component units on the semiconductor surfaces was reported (Fig. 9). The binuclear compound is based on a fac-Re(I)(dcbH2)(CO)3 surface anchoring unit and a —Ru(II)(bpy)2 chromophore linked through an ambidentate cyanide ligand [24]. Due to the facial... 

A fundamental property of collisions in the gaseous state consists of the dependence of the probability of an elementary act of collision on the mutual orientation of the angular momenta of the participants. This means, in particular, that in studying the stereodynamics of reactions it is necessary to create and register controlled orientations of the angular momenta of the partners and products. On the other hand, it is possible to use collisions as a method for producing such orientation. In order to achieve anisotropy in laboratory coordinates we require a preferred direction in... 

Wu Y, Liu P, Ong BS, Srikumar T, Zhao N, Botton G, Zhu S. (2005) Controlled orientation of liquid-crystalline polythiophene semiconductors for high-performance organic thin-film transistors. Appl Phys Lett 86 142102. 

Biaxial orientation leads to isotropic properties in blown film, that is, properties that are eqnal in the two primary directions the film was stretched (i.e., parallel to the flat bit ). Orientation in the machine direction of the film is controlled primarily by take-up ratio, defined above. To control orientation in the transverse direction, we measure something called the blow-up ratio, while the forming ratio provides an indication of the degree of isotropy. 

Shear controlled orientation injection molding (SCORIM) is a novel technique for establishing the alignment of polymer molecules and fiber reinforcements in molded p arts. S olid-state properties, which are highly dependent on molecnlar and additive alignment, can be improved through the use of controlled orientation. 

FIGURE 14-52 Schematic diagram of shear controlled orientation injection molding. 

Figure 2 Shear controlled orientation extrusion (SCOREX)...

Figure 6 (a) Shear controlled orientation injection moulding (SCORIM). (b) Klockner puch-puir injection moulding... 

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