Spray fires

Material storage (coal and coke) Particulates (dust) Wetting, plastic spray, fire-prevention techniques... 

Fire Hazards - Flash Point (deg. F) 90 OC Flammable Limits in Air (%).- 0.8 - 6.3 Fire Extinguishing Agents Foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or water spray Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to be Used Not pertinent Special Hazards of Combustion Products Not pertinent Behavior in Fire Not pertinent ignition Temperature (deg. F). -941 Electrical Hazard Data not available Burning Rate Data not available. 

Heskestad, G., Extinction of gas and liquid pool fires with water sprays, Fire Safety J., June 2003, 38, 301-17. 

Jet or Spray Fires - Are turbulent diffusion flames resulting from the combustion of a liquid or gas continuously released under pressure in a particular direction. 

Quantity of Flammable Liquids or Liquefied Cases Where Fixed Water Spray Fire Protection Is Recommended... 

The quantity of flammable liquids or gases or heated combustibles can be indicative of the need for fixed water spray fire protection. Table 8-4, developed from FM Data Sheet 7-14, suggests quantities of flammables where fixed water spray fire protection should be considered based on one insurance provider s guidance. Some company internal guidelines and practices allow up to 5,000 gal (18,927 I) in the largest vessel before water spray protection is recommended. Additional guidance on fixed fire protection is available in API Publication 2030, Application of Water Spray Systems for Fire Protection in the Petroleum Industry, (API, 1998). 

In general, fixed water spray fire protection has the two-fold purpose of cooling the affected equipment and flushing any burning liquids from the immediate fire area. This can reduce local damage, limit fire spread, and allow time for other response actions. It should not be expected that these systems will extinguish a fire without the use of other fire protection systems, such as foam, dry chemical, or manual firefighting. 

Fixed water spray fire protection in process structures may be provided as follows ... 

External sprinkler or directional water spray fire protection at 0.25 gpm/fC (10.2 Ipm/m ) of exposed surface to ... 

The design of fixed water spray fire protection over pumps should provide one or more spray nozzles positioned so that all parts of all objects within the protection pattern are thoroughly wetted and enveloped by the spray. The recommended water spray densities based on the horizontal coverage area is a minimum of 0.5 gpm/ft (20 Ipm/m ) (API 2030). 

Spheres, spheroids, and horizontal pressure vessels should be actively protected with cooling water at an application rate shown in Table 8-13 over the entire tank surface including the structural supports and the underside of the tank, including leg area. Adequate coverage should also be provided for the ends of horizontal vessels. This may be accomplished by a water spray, water distribution weirs, monitors or combination of all three. Monitor nozzles and manual hose streams should be provided to supplement the fixed water spray fire protection on the vessel. 

Industrial uses of aerosols include aerosol propellants, anti foam sprays, fire extinguishers and paints. Herzka Pickthal (Ref 5) describe aerosol propellants, containers, valves, filling methods, lab procedures, emulsified systems, etc Refs 1)Webster s New Collegiate Dic-... 

Hostikka, S. and McGrattan, K. Numerical modeling of radiative heat transfer in water sprays. Fire Safety Journal, 2006. 41(1), 76-86. 

Petersen, R. L., and D. N. Blewitt. 1992. Evaluation of Water Sprays/Fire Monitor Mitigation for Two Refineries. New York American Institute of Chemical Engineers. 

A volunteer who worked at a nearby plant died from burns received while helping to spray fire-water during the emergency. Four people suffered major burn injuries when the initial vapor cloud ignited. Many spectators who stood on an earthen mound on that warm early Sunday afternoon suffered intense radiation burns from the BLEVEs. [10]. 

S. Nam Development of a computational model simulating the interaction between a fire plume and a sprinkler spray. Fire Saf. J. 26, 1-33 (1996). 

SODIUM LEAKS AND FIRES 3.6.1. SODIUM SPRAY FIRES... 

A volunteer who worked at a nearby plant died from bums received while helping to spray fire-water during the emergency. Four people suffered major bum injuries... 

Standard Practices for Simulated Service Testing for Corrosion of Metallic Containment Materials for Use With Heat-Transfer Fluids in Solar Heating and Cooling Systems Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Steel by Sprayed Fire-Resistive Material (SFRM) Applied to Structural Members... 

Polymer Areas General purpose grade of AEROSOL OT surfactant. Non-Polymer Areas Used by a variety of industries for application in wetting, spraying, fire fighting, dust control, emulsion lubricants and coolants, degreasing, dry cleaning, etc. 

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