Spinline

A common measurement usehil in predicting threadline behavior is fiber tension, frequentiy misnamed spinline stress. It is normally measured after the crystallization point in the threadline when the steady state is reached and the threadline is no longer deformed. Fiber tension increases as take-up velocity increases (38) and molecular weight increases. Tension decreases as temperature increases (41). Crystallinity increases slightiy as fiber tension is increased (38). At low tension, the birefringence increases as tension is increased, leveling off at a spinline tension of 10 MPa (1450 psi) (38). 

Take-Up. Take-up devices attenuate the spinline to the desired linear density and collect the spun yam in a form suitable for further processing. A godet wheel is typically used to control the take-up velocity which varies from 1—2 m/s for heavy monofilaments to 10—33 m/s for fine yams. The yam can be stacked in cans, taken up on bobbins, or directiy transferred to drawing and texturizing equipment. 

R.R Paradkar, R.M. Patel, E. Knickerbocker and A. Doufas, Raman spectroscopy for spinline crystallinity measurements. I. Experimental studies, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 109, 3413-3420 (2008). 

Fig. 14.4 Schematic view of orientation development along the spinline.

White et al. (38,39) presented experimental and theoretical (isothermal linear stability analysis) results that indicate the following first, that polymer melts respond similarly to uniform elongational flow and to melt spinning second, that polymers whose elongational viscosity e) increases with time or strain result in a stable spinline, do not exhibit draw resonance, and undergo cohesive failure at high draw ratios. A prime example of such behavior is LDPE. On the other hand, polymer melts with a decreasing r + (t, e)... 

Figure 4 Steady State Spinline Model Equations...

Figure 5 Comparison of Calculated and Measured Spinline Velocity Profiles...

Figure 7 Calculated Spinline Velocity as a Function of Residence Time...

TWITCHING - LOW SPINLINE TENSION - HIGH DRAW RATIO fp-V TU... 

FILAMENT BREAKS IN LOWER SPINLINE - HIGH STRESS DUE TO AIR DRAG -EXCESSIVE GUIDE FRICTION TU... 

In co-operation with Framatome ANP, Schneider Electric has developed a technology dedicated to safety systems. This digital technology called SPINLINE 3 results from the experience obtained by Schneider Electric after more than 20 years on digital safety systems for Nuclear Reactors. 

The modernisation of I C safety systems of the Dukovany NPP is based mainly on the SPINLINE 3 technology with the active participation of Czech companies like SKODA-JS and SKODA ENERGO, I C ENERGO and EZ. This project is now in progress. The first implementation of new safety systems is foreseen for the Unit No. 3 of the Dukovany NPP during the years 2002 - 2005. 

SPINLINE 3 is a digital and modular solution, which covers all safety functions and all functions important for safety, from measurement acquisition to actuator control, mainly ... 

A system built with the SPINLINE 3 technologies is a combination of several units, which perform functions following strict safety performances. The achievement of these safety performances is obtained by following a development methodology, which includes the design of the architecture, the validation of probabilistic safety assessment, the qualification of the design with accuracy and response time. 

With the SPINLINE 3 it is possible to design small and large distributed safety systems, with an adequate redimdant architecture. 

Fail-safe architecture SPINLINE 3 assures that the outputs controls to actuators are always valid or in a safe position in case of failure. 

Fault-tolerance (including single failure criterion) SPINLINE 3 can meet any redundancy requirements. 

Modularity SPINLINE 3 can be delivered either as racks to be integrated into existing cabinets (for refurbishment purposes) or as whole cabinets. 

Scalability SPINLINE 3 fits various sizes of I C systems. It can be used for highly distributed architectures such as a reactor protection system, distributed processing for acquisition, function processing and vote. 

SPINLINE 3 meets international standards (IAEA, lEC) and various national standards for the design of nuclear safety I C system. 

The SPINLINE 3 hardware is a set of modular components, designed, manufactured and qualified specifically for safety applications in nuclear reactors. These components are cabinets, racks, electronic boards or modules and cabling elements between components. They are designed, manufactured and qualified according to nuclear requirements and standards. 

The wide range of I/O boards and their capacity allows SPINLINE 3 to fit any safety nuclear application needs for control. The use of powerful CPU boards and high speed networks gives short response times even for complex functions and, above all, the response time is guaranteed by the deterministic features of the SPINLINE 3 components. 

Interfaces to the PC world via the NERVIA netwoik. SPINLINE 3 may also interfaee with other analogy or digital systems using networks, serial data links or wire-to-wire links. 

The SPINLINE 3 software of each digital unit is developed by using a set of tools and procedures dedicated to nuelear safety software developments. The software tools are based on a System and Software Development Enviroiunent (SSDE) named CLARISSE, whieh allows developing a complex multi-unit proeessing system. CLARISSE is standardised and is delivered as an independent software paekage. It provides the software tools a libraries needed to perform SPINLINE 3 configuration and the applieation software development. 

The main SPINLINE 3 application software development benefits ... 

One of the major interests of a SPINLINE 3 systems is the high level reached regarding the safety performances. The safety is built from several fimdamental characteristics the Deterministic behaviour, the Separation between safety parts and the fully Safety oriented design. 

SPINLINE 3 deterministic behaviour is a key feature in order to meet response time requirements and to avoid overload situations. 

System response time. The maximum response time for a system is established using the max response time of each units and networks. The SPINLINE 3 determinism guarantees that I C outputs will always be delivered within the computed maximum response time limit. 

Non-IE units shall be clearly separated from IE units. Nevertheless, non-IE units may have to exchange data with IE units. SPINLINE 3 makes it possible, thanks to the safety properties of the NERVIA network. These properties ensure that non-IE units can never prevent IE units from performing their safety function. 

SPINLINE 3 hardware and software components have been designed specifically to design safety I C systems. They include appropriate features to defend (i.e. detect and act) against failures, which may occur inside the system, due to causes coming from inside or outside the system. SPINLINE 3 safety-oriented features are given hereafter ... 

Each data processed by SPINLINE 3 is associated with validity information. 

The system design of the SKODA technology includes in principle the same characteristic as the SPINLINE 3 system. 

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