Spinal stabilization

Abumi K, Panjabi M, Kramer KM, Duranceau J, Oxland T, Crisco JJ (1990) Biomechanical evaluation of lumbar spinal stability after graded facetectomies. Spine 15(11) 1142-1147... 

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) is a safe and efficient therapeutic option for patients suffering from otherwise untreatable pain and disability caused by osteoporotic fracture or tumoral involvement of a vertebra. Vertebroplasty provides nearly immediate pain relief and stabilization, leading to a high rate of successful treatments with low morbidity, no or only short hospitalization, and rare adverse events. In addition, PV contributes to spinal stabilization and can be successfully combined with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, tumor ablation, and posterior laminectomy. Therefore, the number of procedures performed has continuously increased over the last few yccus. However, indications and contraindications, technical aspects, and possible complications of PV always have to be taken into account by the interventional radiologist. The success rate strongly depends - besides on the experience of the physician performing the procedure - on the visualization equipment used, such as CT fluoroscopy. 

Barr JD, Barr MS, Lemley TJ, McCann RM Percutaneous vertebroplasty for pain relief and spinal stabilization. Spine 2000 25 923-8... 

Efficiency of motion and stresses imposed on the spine are very much dependent upon the posture maintained in the trunk as well as on the trunk stability. Positioning of the vertebral segments is so important that a special focus on posture and spinal stabilization is warranted [1]. Muscles that play an important role in spinal stabilization include the transverse abdominal, multifidus, erector spine, and internal oblique [1]. The erector spine is better suited for control of spinal orientation by nature of its ability to produce extension [12]. The RA is one of the abdominal wall s muscles. The wall is very important because it not only contract to increase intra-abdominal pressure but also distend considerably, accommodating expansions caused by ingestion, pregnancy, fat deposition, or pathology [13]. Beside that. 

Posture Control and Muscle Activation in Spinal Stabilization Exercise... 

Poliomyelitis (live or oral) (Sabin type) Cell cultures infected with attenuated poliovirus of each of the three serotypes 1 Clarification 2 Blending of virus of three serotypes in stabilizing medium Infectivity titration of each of three virus serotypes Test for attenuation by Inoculation of spinal cords of monkeys and comparison of lesions with those produced by a reference vaccine... 

Most injections are formulated as aqueous solutions, with Water for Injections BP as the vehicle. The formulation of injections depends upon several factors, namely the aqueous solubility of the active ingredient, the dose to be employed, thermal stability of the solution, the route of injection and whether the product is to be prepared as a multidose one (i.e. with a dose or doses removed on different occasions) or in a singledose form (as the term suggests, only one dose is contained in the injection). Nowadays, most injections are prepared as single-dose forms and this is mandatory for certain routes, e.g. spinal injections such as the intrathecal route and large-volume intravenous infusions (section 2.2). Multidose injections may require the inclusion of a suitable... 

Other neuronal Cl -channels are Ca " -controlled. Increases in cytosolic Ca enhances the probability of these channels being open [26,27]. These channels stabilize the membrane voltage by clamping it towards the Cl -equilibrium potential. Such channels have been found, e.g., in cultured mouse spinal neurones and in molluscan neurones. They subserve the repolarization phenomena and hence assist Ca -activated -channels. Their conductance is in the small to intermediate range. They are usually gated by depolarization. 

La Spada, A. R., Roling, D. B., Harding, A. E. et al. Meiotic stability and genotype-phenotype correlation of the trinucleotide repeat in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nat. Genet. 2 301-304,1992. 

Lidocaine is the most widely used local anesthetic. Its excellent therapeutic activity is fast-acting and lasts sufficiently long to make it suitable for practically any clinical use. It stabilizes cell membranes, blocks sodium channels, facilitates the secretion of potassium ions out of the cell, and speeds up the repolarization process in the cell membrane. It is used for terminal infiltration, block, epidural, and spinal anesthesia during operational interventions in dentistry, otolaryngology, obstetrics, and gynecology. It is also used for premature ventricular extrasystole and tachycardia, especially in the acute phase of cardiac infarction. Synonyms for this drug are xylocaine, neflurane, and many others. 

Guizar-Sahagun G., Ibarra A., Espitia A., Martinez A., Madrazo I., and Franco-Bourland R. E. (2005). Glutathione monoethyl ester improves functional recovery, enhances neuron survival, and stabilizes spinal cord blood flow after spinal cord injury in rats. Neuroscience 130 ... 

Back Logroll as a unit to inspect back maintain spinal alignment during examination observe for bruising and open wounds palpate each vertebral body for fenderness, pain, deformity, and stability assess flank area for bruising and tenderness. 

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