Glutathione monoethyl ester

Sultatos LG, Huang GJ, Jackson O, et al. 1991. The effect of glutathione monoethyl ester on the potentiation of the acute toxicity of methyl parathion, methyl paraoxon or fenitrothion by diethyl maleate in the mouse. Toxicol Lett 55 77-83. 

Neuschwander-Tetri, B.A., Ferrell, L.D., Sukhabote, R.J. and Grendell, J.H. (1992). Glutathione monoethyl ester ameliorates caerulein-induced pancreatitis in the mouse. J. Clin. Invest. 89, 109-116. 

I. Grattagliono, P. Wieland, C. Schranz, B. H. Lauterburg, Disposition of Glutathione Monoethyl Ester in the Rat Glutathione Ester Is a Slow Release Form of Extracellular Glutathione , J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1995, 272, 484-488. 

Anderson M. F., Nilsson M., Eriksson P. S., and Sims N. R. (2004). Glutathione monoethyl ester provides neuroprotection in a rat model of stroke. Neurosci. Lett. 354 163-165. 

Guizar-Sahagun G., Ibarra A., Espitia A., Martinez A., Madrazo I., and Franco-Bourland R. E. (2005). Glutathione monoethyl ester improves functional recovery, enhances neuron survival, and stabilizes spinal cord blood flow after spinal cord injury in rats. Neuroscience 130 ... 

Houser MT, Milner LS, Kolbeck PC, Wei SH, Stohs SJ (1992) Glutathione monoethyl ester moderates mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure. Nephron 61 449-455... 

Glutathione esters have been shown to increase the levels of GSH in the liver and kidney of mice. Administration of y-glutamylcysteinylglycine monomethyl or monoethyl esters at doses of 10 mmol/kg intraperitoneally raised GSH levels 4-fold in mice with GSH levels depleted by prior treatment with l-buthionine sulphoxime (Puri and Meister 1983). The improved uptake of the esters, and their subsequent intracellular hydrolysis to GSH may be explained by improved permeability through lysosomal membranes, and by specific hydrolysis by lysosomal esterases (Goldman 1973, Goldman and Naider 1974). 

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