SPICE program

Using the model of Fig. 15.8, we have simulated an event leading to an energy adsorption AE. To evaluate the corresponding temperature increase AT, at different heat sink operating temperatures, a T3 dependence of the absorber heat capacity was supposed. To obtain the calorimeter response (temperature change on the 7) thermal node) for a simulated event, a SPICE program was used. 

The beginning of the book concentrates on the basics of computer simulation of electronic circuits. A brief overview of four popular SPICE programs is provided along with their basic differences. 

A text editor is also included and is an invaluable tool for viewing the generated output text files of SPICE, as well as investigating syntax errors and other subtleties of the SPICE programming language. The text output of SPICE is in an excellent format for exporting to other useful engineering tools such as Excel or MathCAD. 

Figure 2.2 Typical lines of the middle of a SPICE program.

The final line of any SPICE program must be the. END statement. Several basic analyses are used in this book. An explanation of each is given in the following paragraphs. 

In order to model this in the SPICE programs, the set input was pulsed using an independent voltage source and the following command ... 

Nonlinear circuit problems such as those discussed in these two examples are usually solved in Electrical Engineering by use of the SPICE circuit analysis program. For complicated circuits, this should certainly be the means of solving such problems. This program has built-in models for all standard electronic devices and is very advanced in approaches to achieve convergence. However, at the heart of the SPICE program is an approach very similar to that of the much simpler nsolv() program used here. SPICE will automatically set up the equation set to be solved, but uses first-order linearization and iteration to solve the nonlinear equations just as employed in nsolvQ. While SPICE is the preferred tool for its domain of application, a tool such an nsolv() can be readily embedded into other computer code for specialized solutions to problems not appropriate for an electronic simulation. 

Since its introduction in 1971, SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) has become the most popular analog simulation tool in use today. In the last 15 years, we have seen explosive growth in the use of SPICE, with the addition of Berkeley SPICE 3 enhancements, and support for C code model and mixed-mode simulation using XSPICE (Cox et al. 1992, Kielkowski 1994).We have also seen many new companies emerge as developers of SPICE-based simulation tools, most of which are currently available for the PC platform. 

In 1983, SPICE 2G.6 was released and remained the industry standard for many years. Motivated by the increased use of UNIX workstations and superior programming tools, SPICE 2 was converted into the C programming language and released as SPICE 3. Although SPICE 3 is not entirely backward compatible with SPICE 2, the new features far outweigh this drawback. SPICE 3 has a technical advantage of being readily modified because it is written in C. SPICE 3 also offers more and improved device models and analysis functions. 

The first module is the schematic capture program. Originally, using SPICE meant translating a schematic by hand into the SPICE description language for calculation. The schematic capture program allows the user to pull down parts from a menu, wire together the components... 

The investigations to obtain high lateral resolutions were accompanied by different simulations and models for LAPS devices. Beside generic electrical representations and SPICE (simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis)-based simulations [45,46],... 

SPICE Simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis... 

Nagel L.W., SPICE (simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis), Tech. Rep. ERL-m382-1977, Electronics Research laboratory, University of California, Berkeley (1977)... 

By the late 1970s evidence had accumulated on the potential hazards of certain extraction solvents, especially chlorinated hydrocarbons. Increased scrutiny of traditional industrial solvents is responsible for spawning another large body of R D programs on SCF processes. Increased consumer awareness of potential chemical hazards coupled with the uncertainty of future governmental regulatory action motivated an examination of supercritical fluids as extraction solvents for foods, beverages, and spices. 

This approach has been employed, for example, in determining the steady-state uncompensated resistance at an ultramicroelectrode (28) and the solution resistance between an ion-selective electrode tip and a surface in a scanning electrochemical microscope (29, 30). It also is sometimes possible to model the mass transport and kinetics in an electrochemical system by a network of electrical components (31, 32). Since there are a number of computer programs (e.g., SPICE) for the analysis of electric circuits, this approach can be convenient for certain electrochemical problems. 

Curcumin (I), the major constituent of the spice turmeric, is a molecule of considerable interest as u consequence of its known biological activity. This includes the light-induced oxidative killing of bacteria (/,2) and aniicarcittogcnesis related to inhibition of lipid peroxidation (J-6). A.s part of a program aimed at understanding the amicarcinogenic activity of this molecule (cf. Ref. 7) we have examined the behavior of... 

To determine the best ratio Jlf so as to achieve the maximal value of S(P), we employ optimization theoiy and numerical methods (see Luenberger and computer programs are designed accordingly. The nonzero components of 0 indicate the presence of the corresponding spices. 

Figure II. (a) Plots of initial current level lim against potential drcq) DE at various initial electrode potentials, reproduced from the cathodic current transients obtained from the Lii NiOz electrode, (b) variation in current with time up to 10 s by application of a potential drop df of 0.1 V at various initial electrode potentials, calculated using the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) for the electric circuit of Figure 10 b), by taking the values of resistances and capacitances determined by CNLS fitting of the impedance spectra of Figure 10(a) to the electric circuit of Figure 10(b).

Commercially available circuit simulation programs are useful for evaluating a given drcuit for the result of temperature change. SPICE, for example, will run simulations at any temperature with elaborate models included for all circuit components. 

SPICE A popular circuit level simulation program to perform detailed analysis of circuit behavior. Synchronous system A system in which a computation is divided into unit periods defined by a central clock signal. Signal transfer within the system typically occurred at the transition edge of the clock signal. 

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