Specifications, phase

Next we consider the fraction of n-mer in a specific phase. The volume of n-mer in each of the phases is given by pVp and q q > therefore the fraction of polymer in the two phases is... 

Thus, for optimum performance, each sample will require a specific phase system to be chosen and a particular column to be selected. 

Another important specific question to ask is how the software schedules patient visits. Does it schedule all visits when a patient is enrolled in the study, or is this done at specific phases (event) For example, first, screening visits are scheduled, and then follow-up visits are scheduled after the patient is randomized. Related to this is how the software handles event-driven visits. For example, if a specific event occurs, additional visits at predefined intervals from the date of the event are expected. So the question here is whether the software can be configured to schedule these additional visits automatically as protocol visits or the user needs to schedule them as interim visits. 

A simple method used to maintain a sharp interface is based on a correction algorithm [175]. After each time step, the amount of fluid of a specific phase having penetrated the interface at c = 0.5 is determined. Then the fluid is redistributed such that the voids on the other side of the interface are filled up. The redistribution is done globally, as information on the origin of fluid volumes having pen-... 

Several extraction techniques have also been described that use enzymatic or chemical reactions to improve extraction efficiency. A technique that has been used to increase the overall recovery of the marker residue is enzymatic hydrolysis to convert specific phase II metabolites (glucuronides or sulfates) back into the parent residue. Cooper etal used a glucuronidase to increase 10-fold the concentration of chloramphenicol residues in incurred tissue. As an example of a chemical reaction, Moghaddam et al. used Raney nickel to reduce thioether bonds between benomyl and polar cellular components, and as a result achieved a substantially improved recovery over conventional solvent extraction. In choosing to use either of these approaches, thorough characterization of the metabolism in the tissue sample must be available. 

Electron Density Computation. The average2 electron density of a material or of a specific phase within a material,... 

The reference to the structure type may be a simpler and more convenient way of describing the structure of the specific phase. The structure type is generally named after the formula of the first representative identified the prototype . Expressions such as KC1 has the NaCl structure type are frequently used. Trivial names and symbols may also be found in several cases. 

According to Pearson (1972), when a point representing a specific phase has a larger value of the strain parameter than that of a particular contact line, then the contacts corresponding to that line are to be considered compressed, on the basis of the Dx and DY assumed for the components. If, on the other hand, the experimental points lie below a line then those contacts have not been established. Fig. 4.24(a)-(c) represent the data and the trends for a few structure types. For compounds having the cF8-ZnS sphalerite structure it can be seen that the X-Y (Zn-S)... 

Considering then the phase composition as a significant parameter, we obtain the histogram shown in Fig. 7.1(a) for the distribution of the intermetallic phases according to the stoichiometry of binary prototypes. For instance, the binary Laves phases, the A1B2, Caln2, etc., type phases are all included in the number reported for the 66-67.99 stoichiometry range, even if the real stoichiometry of the specific phase is different, see Fig. 7.1(b). We may note the overall prevalence of phases and, to a certain extent, of structural types, which may be related to simple (1 2, 1 1, 1 3, 2 3, etc.) stoichiometric ratios. 

Measurements of radionuclides and metals in marine sediments and particulate matter are conducted for a variety of purposes, including the determination of sedimentation rates, trace metal and radionuclide fluxes through the water column, enrichment of metals in specific phases of the sediments, and examination of new sedimentary phases produced after sediment deposition. Such studies address fundamental questions concerning the chronology of deep-sea and near-shore sedimentary deposits, removal mechanisms and cycling of metals in the ocean, and diagenesis within deep-sea sediments. 

Cell cycle dynamics are closely connected to cell growth and to the mechanism of controlling cell proliferation. The cell cycle can be defined as an ordered set of biochemical events resulting in cell division. The sequence of these events is divided into four phases the Gi phase, followed by the S phase (DNA synthesis), G2 phase and the M phase. For determining percentage of cells at different phases of the cell cycle, cells must be stained for DNA content with propidium iodide (PI) [20, 21], Based on the amount of DNA content by PI, the fraction of cells in a specific phase can be determined [22] from whole population using dedicate software (e.g, Modfit or Flowjo ) or, more precise, by using 2D-dot plot BrdU incorporation [23],... 

Anticancer drugs act on cells in active proliferation and may interfere with a specific phase of the cell cycle or act independently from it. Some of these drugs are naturally occurring compounds, identified in plants or microorganisms, some are synthetic chemicals. Among the major classes of chemotherapeutics include antimetabolites, alkylating agents, inhibitors of the... 

Immature soil samples have S Te values that are indistinguishable from lunar rocks, whereas submature and mature soils have 5 Fe values that are greater than those of lunar rocks, and S Te values are positively correlated with Ig/FeO values (Fig. 12). Lunar regolith samples in general tend to have heavy isotopic compositions as compared to lunar rock samples, as demonstrated by isotopic analyses of O, Si, S, Mg, K, Ca, and Cd (Epstein and Taylor 1971 Clayton et al. 1974 Russell et al. 1977 Esat and Taylor 1992 Humayun and Clayton 1995 Sands et al. 2001 Thode 1976). The origin of isotopic compositions that are enriched in the heavy isotopes has been presumed to reflect sputtering by solar wind and vaporization, where preferential loss of the lighter isotope to space occurs. In contrast to previous isotopic studies, the Fe isotope compositions measured in the Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium samples can be related to a specific phase based on the positive correlation in Ig/FeO and 5 Fe values (Fig. 12). 

Spatially coherent light is light that has a specific phase relationship between each photon on wave fronts emitted from the source. 

For independently scattering systems, without specific phase relation, we get for the total intensity in the scattered beam... 

A. Carmustine and mechlormethamine kiU both normal and malignant cells to the same extent. Hydroxyurea and bleomycin kiU cells preferentially in specific phases of the cell cycle. Hydroxyurea is specific for S-phase, while bleomycin is most toxic to cells in Gj- and early M-phase. Flurouracil is cytotoxic in Gi and Gj phases. 

Azathioprine is a phase-specific drug that is toxic to cells during nucleic acid synthesis. Phase-specific drugs are toxic during a specific phase of the mitotic cycle, usually the S-phase, when DNA synthesis is occurring, as opposed to cycle-specific drugs that kill both cycling and intermitotic cells. 

Reddy, V.S. et al., Ultraviolet-B-responsive anthocyanin production in a rice cultivar is associated with a specific phase of phenylalanine ammonia lyase biosynthesis. Plant Physiol, 105, 1059, 1994. 

Assuming [S] Kjjj,the enzyme activity in a specific phase with respect to the overall volume can be expressed [184] as... 

Because of the number of standards in the PDF, it is not possible, in general, to search each entry individually. However, in many situations the analyst either knows or can make an educated guess as to the probable identity of the unknown. In this intuitive case, the PDF can be consulted directly and the cards for the suspected compounds can be consulted quickly. In fact, when a specific phase diagram is being investigated it is common practice to obtain powder diffraction patterns of all known phases in the system. If the 20 axis of these "reference" patterns is the same as that for unknown patterns, an unknown pattern can be compared directly to these relatively few standards on an illuminated viewing table and the diffraction lines from the known phases can be identified on the unknown pattern. As new phases are discovered and identified, their patterns may then be added to this reference file. 

Critical period A specific phase during which a developing system is particularly vulnerable. 

Essentially the same methanol oxidation TOFs were obtained on the different oxide supports. The Degussa P-25 titania support (90% anatase 10% rutile) was also examined, as shown in Figure 6, because it possesses very low levels of surface impurities and represents a good reference sample. The invariance of the methanol oxidation TOF with the specific phase of the titania support reveals that the oxidation reaction is controlled by a local phenomenon, the bridging V-O-Support bond, rather than long range effects, the structure of the 2 support. Thus, the phase of the oxide support does not appear to influence the molecular structure or reactivity of the surface vanadia species. 

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