Strain parameter

Typical patterns of stress—strain behavior and the relationship of molecular motion on stress—strain behavior have been discussed (10,18,19,21,49—51). At times, it becomes desirable to characterize stress—strain behavior numerically so that a large amount of information can be condensed and many fibers exhibiting different behaviors can be compared. Procedures for measurement of stress—strain parameters are described ia ASTMD3822 andD2101 (10). 

Scatter plots of temperature atx/d = 15 in turbulent Cl-14/air jet flames with Reynolds numbers of 13,400 (Flame C) and 44,800 (Flame F). The stoichiometric mixture fraction is = 0.351. The line shows the results of a laminar counterflow-flame calculation with a strain parameter of a = 100 s and is included as a visual guide. (From Barlow, R.S. and Frank, J.H., Proc. Combust. Inst, 27,1087,1998. With permission.)... 

DbJDst ratios to within 3 s.d. We consider that these lattice strain parameters can be used to derive Z)Ra from Dsa, or even Dsr, although that correction would be inaccurately large. Typical calculated DbJDbo. ratios are 0.01-0.07. 

A (cf orthopyroxene). We have used the same Vl-fold ionic radii for and th" as for orthopyroxene (Table 2), which gives Du/Dxh of 6.3, in broad agreement with the two experimental values. Dpo/Du calculated from the same lattice strain parameters is 0.03-0.10. 

Lattice strain parameters for 2 cations can be derived by fitting the partitioning data for Fe, Mn, Ca, Sr and Ba from the experiments of Beattie (1993a) and Kennedy et al. 

Lattice strain parameters for 3+ cations entering plagioclase are difficult to derive because is clearly larger than La, meaning that one limb of the partitioning parabola is not... 

This chapter considers the distribution of spin Hamiltonian parameters and their relation to conformational distribution of biomolecular structure. Distribution of a g-value or g-strain leads to an inhomogeneous broadening of the resonance line. Just like the g-value, also the linewidth, W, in general, turns out to be anisotropic, and this has important consequences for powder patterns, that is, for the shape of EPR spectra from randomly oriented molecules. A statistical theory of g-strain is developed, and it is subsequently found that a special case of this theory (the case of full correlation between strain parameters) turns out to properly describe broadening in bioEPR. The possible cause and nature of strain in paramagnetic proteins is discussed. 

Reduced dimensional parameters (strain parameters and near-neighbours diagrams) By comparing the space-filling theoretical curves and the actual values of intermetallic phases it has been observed that an incompressible sphere model of the atom gives only a rough description when discussing metallic structures. 

A reduced strain parameter is then defined with reference to an arbitrarily selected set of contacts. With reference to the dx distances the strain parameter may be defined as . S = (Dx — dx)/DY. This parameter gives an indication of the atomic dimension compression. It is computed, as a function of the ratio e = DX/DY = Rx/Ry, for the different kinds of interatomic contact. 

According to Pearson (1972), when a point representing a specific phase has a larger value of the strain parameter than that of a particular contact line, then the contacts corresponding to that line are to be considered compressed, on the basis of the Dx and DY assumed for the components. If, on the other hand, the experimental points lie below a line then those contacts have not been established. Fig. 4.24(a)-(c) represent the data and the trends for a few structure types. For compounds having the cF8-ZnS sphalerite structure it can be seen that the X-Y (Zn-S)... 

Metabolism (e.g., CYPs, COX, Myeloperoxidase) Hapten-Carrier formation (e.g., binding with proteins or aminoacids) PLNA (s.c. injection, indication of possibility to induce systemic allergy) (read-out immunological parameters) Susceptible animals mouse (e.g., NZB, NOD) or rat (BN, Lewis) strains. Parameters for example, autoimmune parameters, histopathology... 

The classical procedure for the analysis of stress strain parameters start from the expansion of a from equation (2.7) as follows ... 

It follows that for plane-stress parameters Gc and Kc have been replaced by the plane-strain parameters Gic and KIC which are in general smaller than their plane-stress analogues. 

Lattice strain parameters for 3- - cations entering 2.09.9.5 Olivine... 

Considering that the reduced free energy s4 = Ajk T) is stationary with respect to all the strain parameters 3 (q), the configurational, or elastic, force is given by [see also Eqn. (2.1.44)]... 

Figure 29. Dependence of the strain parameter 4 with composition in Cai. tSr tAl2Si208. The dashed line represents an observed defect tail. Modified from Figure 7 in McGuinn and Redfem (1994).

Fig. 21 Steady state incoherent intermediate scattering functions d> (r) as functions of accumulated strain yt for various shear rates y the data were obtained in a col loidal hard sphere dispersion at packing fraction

Fig. 22 Steady state incoherent intermediate scattering functions (z) measured in the vorticity direction as functions of accumulated strain jf for various shear rates y data from molecular dynamics simulations of a supercooled binary Lenard-Jones mixture below the glass transition ate taken from [91]. These collapse onto a yield scaling function at long times. The wavevector is q = 3.55/R (at the peak of Sq). The quiescent curve, shifted to agree with that at the highest y, shows ageing dynamics at longer times outside the plotted window. The apparent yielding master function from simulation is compared to those calculated in ISHSM for glassy states at or close to the transition (separation parameters s as labeled) and at nearby wave vectors (as labeled). ISHSM curves were chosen to match the plateau value fq, while strain parameters yc = 0.083 at = 0 solid line) and y, = 0.116 at e = 10 dashed line) were used from [45]...

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