Specification recovery

Increasing the water-wet surface area of a petroleum reservoir is one mechanism by which alkaline floods recover incremental oil(19). Under basic pH conditions, organic acids in acidic crudes produce natural surfactants which can alter the wettability of pore surfaces. Recovery of incremental oil by alkaline flooding is dependent on the pH and salinity of the brine (20), the acidity of the crude and the wettability of the porous medium(1,19,21,22). Thus, alkaline flooding is an oil and reservoir specific recovery process which can not be used in all reservoirs. The usefulness of alkaline flooding is also limited by the large volumes of caustic required to satisfy rock reactions(23). 

After the detection of a single photon, PMTs need a specific recovery time before they are sensitive again. During this deadtime, no photons can be detected. Because of the stochastic nature... 

As can be seen from the list, there are many competing procedures for leaching, selective separation of the metals, and generation of products. Thus, the detailed design of a specific recovery process often involves a number of selected procedures, combined in unique ways. This chapter discusses processes containing a solvent extraction separation procedure. 

Accuracy Inferred from precision, linearity, and specificity Recovery at 100% for each strength (bracket for multiple strengths)... 

In order to increase the recovery of adsorbate by adsorption, and to reduce the amount of adsorbent required to attain a specific recovery, a multistage adsorption operation can be used. In such an operation (as shown in Figure 11.3), a liquid solution is successively contacted at each stage with the adsorbent. In such a scheme, the relationship given by Equation 11.7 can be applied to each stage, with assumptions similar to the single-stage case, and the concentration ofthe adsorbate in the... 

The bound RNA may then be eluted by unspecific denaturation with 7 M urea, 0.5 mM EDTA, 2% SDS, or heat. Another possibility is specific recovery of the bound RNA by affinity elution, in which the matrix is incubated with selection buffer containing free target molecules in excess relative to the immobilized target, so that target-binding RNA molecules are eluted. 

The performance characteristics of any analytical method involve the evaluation of the following parameters calibration range, limit of detection, precision, trueness, specificity, recovery, and robustness [40]. 

Leave high specific recoveries until last. 

In the case of Cl solvent red 24 and Cl solvent yellow 124, the significant contributions to the uncertainty budget arose from overall precision and recovery, and the brand of the solid phase extraction cartridge used. If a reduction in the overall uncertainty of the method was required, useful approaches would be to specify a particular brand of cartridge in the method protocol, or to adopt matrix specific recovery corrections for test samples. 

The objective of the work was to develop an economic model for the near- and longer-term recovery and recycling of automotive plastic components and materials. The model begins with removal of plastics from vehicles and ends with saleable parts, granulate or pelletised resin and fhs disposal of residuals. It allows examination of the cost of specific recovery operations, based on assumed inputs, and is intended to facilitate initiation of commercial operations by individual companies. 

Catalysis based HDS technology -Conventional HDS -HDS with fuel specification recovery -HDS by advanced reactor design -HDS by advanced catalysis... 

Principles and Characteristics Whereas parameters most relevant to method development are considered to be accuracy, system precision, linearity, range, LOD, LOQ, sensitivity and robustness, method validation parameters are mainly bias, specificity, recovery (and stability of the analyte), repeatability, intermediate precision, reproducibility and ruggedness. However, method development and validation are highly related. Also, validation characteristics are not independent they influence each other. Acceptance criteria for validation parameters should be based on the specification limits of the test procedure. Quantitation and detection limits need a statement of the precision at their concentration levels. Procedures used for validation of qualitative methods are generally less involved than those for quantitative analytical methods. According to Riley [82], who has discussed the various parameters for validation of quantitative analytical methods, the primary statistical parameters that validate an analytical method are accuracy and precision. 

An LC-MS-MS method for simultaneous determination of metronidazole and spiramycin I concentrations in human plasma, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), preceded by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Omidazole is used as an internal standard. A C18 column is used with an eluent of acetonitrile, water, and formic acid. Intra- and interbatch precision 7, 12, and 9% in plasma, saliva, and GCF, respectively. Accuracy was lowest in saliva (15.4%) and better in plasma (8.7%) or in GCF (10.7%). Linearity, specificity, recovery, matrix effect, dilution process, stability in human plasma and saliva after three freeze-thaw cycles, stability in human plasma and saliva at ambient temperature, and stability of the extracts in the automatic injector of the HPLC system have been studied. Useful for pharmacokinetic evaluations. 

A good linearity, specificity, recovery and repeatability of the method were established with minimal sample preparation time. GC-MS/MS as detec-tion method provided a very high selectivity for the sensitive detection and quantitation of the pesticides even from samples with a high matrix load from the short sample preparation. 

Amber list Low risk potential, but subject to notification and approval before shipment. Procedure simplified for waste movements to specific recovery plants and for regular shipments of similar material. 

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