Specification elaboration

The stage-specific elaboration of helminth proteolytic enzymes is best exemplified in... 

Scope Typically used in highly elaborate, aesthetic projects such as schools, churches, and hospitals Seen in major public works or industrial projects Not typical in projects requiring very specific, elaborate design Seen in all types of projects... 

To fulfil the chemistry requirements, the primary coolant has to be treated by the addition of chemicals. The concentrations of the additives needed have been given in specifications elaborated by specialists in detailed discussions and which are continuously re-evaluated based on the current state of knowledge. Table 1.4. shows an overview of the primary coolant specifications established by various vendors and institutions for plant normal operation periods (Mathur and Narasim-han, 1992). From these data, it can be seen that there is a worldwide consensus on the use of LiOH or KOH as a pH control reagent. Different vendors or organizations may recommend minor changes in some of these specifications as, for example, KWU not specifying fluoride, but fundamentally the plant specifications are virtually identical. During startup and shutdown phases, deviations from these specified data are allowed for a limited period of time. 

To analyze the current status of software in the automotive industry and present the specifications elaborated within the AUTOSAR consortium in terms of standardization... 

The theoretical foundations to transformational synthesis are being laid out by [Lau and Omaghi 93, 94ab] [Lau et al. 94]. (Note that their deductive synthesis corresponds to what we here call transformational synthesis.) This work introduces a realistic specification elaboration scenario, based on specification frameworks, where the synthesis process may provide feedback to the specification elaboration process. 

For each individual mechanistic reaction type, quite an elaborate heuristic decision scheme was built to arrive at rules that allow one to make predictions on specific reaction queries. 

In a more elaborate and specific synthesis, the terpenoid indole skeleton found in haplaindole G, which is isolated from a blue-green alga, was constructed by addition of a nucleophilic formyl equivalent to enone 6.5A. Cyelization and aromatization to the indole 6.6B followed Hg -catalysed unmasking of the aldehyde group[6]. 

Ionic polymerizations, whether anionic or cationic, should not be judged to be unimportant merely because our treatment of them is limited to two sections in this text. Although there are certain parallels between polymerizations which occur via free-radical and ionic intermediates, there are also numerous differences. An important difference lies in the more specific chemistry of the ionic mechanism. While the free-radical mechanism is readily discussed in general terms, this is much more difficult in the ionic case. This is one of the reasons why only relatively short sections have been allotted to anionic and cationic polymerizations. The body of available information regarding these topics is extensive enough to warrant a far more elaborate treatment, but space limitations and the more specific character of the material are the reasons for the curtailed treatment. 

Extraction of hemiceUulose is a complex process that alters or degrades hemiceUulose in some manner (11,138). Alkaline reagents that break hydrogen bonds are the most effective solvents but they de-estetify and initiate -elimination reactions. Polar solvents such as DMSO and dimethylformamide are more specific and are used to extract partiaUy acetylated polymers from milled wood or holoceUulose (11,139). Solvent mixtures of increasing solvent power are employed in a sequential manner (138) and advantage is taken of the different behavior of various alkaUes and alkaline complexes under different experimental conditions of extraction, concentration, and temperature (4,140). Some sequences for these elaborate extraction schemes have been summarized (138,139) and an experimenter should optimize them for the material involved and the desired end product (102). 

Microorganisms and their enzymes have been used to functionalize nonactivated carbon atoms, to introduce centers of chirahty into optically inactive substrates, and to carry out optical resolutions of racemic mixtures (1,2,37—42). Their utifity results from the abiUty of the microbes to elaborate both constitutive and inducible enzymes that possess broad substrate specificities and also remarkable regio- and stereospecificities. 

It is established, that the natural and synthetic polymers influence on spectrophotometrical, protolytical and complex-formating properties of azodyes in different degree. The result of interaction between anions of organic dyes and polymers is formation of specifical hydrophobic-hydrated adducts. Express spectrophotometrical methods of polymer content determination in water solutions with the help of polymer adducts have been elaborated. 

From strength of materials one can move two ways. On the one hand, mechanical and civil engineers and applied mathematicians shift towards more elaborate situations, such as plastic shakedown in elaborate roof trusses here some transient plastic deformation is planned for. Other problems involve very complex elastic situations. This kind of continuum mechanics is a huge field with a large literature of its own (an example is the celebrated book by Timoshenko 1934), and it has essentially nothing to do with materials science or engineering because it is not specific to any material or even family of materials. 

Some of the alternatives for specific products of the foam manufacturing sector are described briefly below. The alternatives are listed as short-term and long-term options, without an elaboration of the merits of each. 

Two different routes to PCs via bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane intermediates are shown. In route 1 stereo- and position-specific addition of dichloroketene to a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexene provided the framework for elaboration to prostanoids. Route 2 featured stereospecific internal cyclopropanation and stereospecific Sn2 displacement of carbon to establish the prostanoid nucleus. 

A specific example of a causal model is the root cause tree described in Section 6.8.4 and Figure 6.8. This is a very elaborate model which includes several levels of detail for both equipment and human causes of incidents. The root causes tree is a generic causal model, and may require tailoring for application to specific plants and processes (e.g., in the offshore sector) where other error causes may need to be considered. 

It will be noted that the materials covered by the BS specifications fall into several distinct groups, sometimes with apparently small differences within the group. Characteristics which could influence the selection of the most appropriate material for a specific application are tabulated in Table 4.1 for wrought products, but some elaboration is desirable since the successful utilisation of aluminium begins with the selection of alloy. Additionally, mention should be made of materials not covered by the BS General Engineering series. 

In as far as other analytical methods are concerned, many specific reactions have been elaborated for the quantitative determination of 2-deoxy aldoses. 2-Deoxy-D-ribose (2-deoxy-D-erythro-pentose), a compound which was recognized early as playing an important role in biological systems, has been of particular interest. Overend and Stacey (43) have given a critical review of the methods available until 1952 for the estimation of 2-deoxy pentoses. A recent summary of specific methods for the identification and quantitative estimation of the different classes of deoxy sugars has been prepared by Dische (13). 

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