Space maintaining

Protection of facilities that are exposed to a fire hazard from an outdoor storage area is preferably achieved passively by adequate separation distance to the potentially exposed facilities. When the quantity of stored material is large, it should be separated into smaller groups or piles with adequate aisle space maintained to prevent uncontrolled fire spread within the defined storage area. An often used spacing guide for stacked or piled materials is aisle width should equal stack height. 

Internal heat transfer (within the system) is not Q. The heat transferred in the evaporator comes from a space maintained at 10 degF, which is part of the system, and is treated as an internal heat reservoir. 

In an enclosed space maintained under vacuum a beam of electrons, accelerated through a PD of up to 100 kV, hits a target serving as the anode (called anticathode). 

Due to their relatively consistent form, viscoelastic substances are suitable as space-maintaining, surgical aids and, additionally, do not flow out of the anterior chamber easily following eye manipulation. 

The vitreous humor is completely repositioned into the vitreous slightly behind the level of the posterior capsule. The use of a viscous viscoelastic substance with longlasting space maintaining capability is recommended to stabilize this situation and to counteract a repeated vitreous prolapse (e.g., during lOL implantation)... 

Phacoemulsification can be continued after injecting a viscous viscoelastic of high and longlasting space maintaining efficiency, thereby minimizing lens movement and tractive forces to the zonular fibers... 

In the 1960s, the technology of choice to produce chlorine was the mercury cell, in part because of its ability to operate at high current densities. Therefore, DS As first operated commercially in mercury cells, where rapid gas release was very important. The anode designs [107] used in mercury cells to accomplish the quick release of chlorine, so that the anode-cathode gap could be lowered and the NaCl strength in this space maintained at high levels, are shown in Fig. 4.5.18. BafBes on the back of the active anode surface are claimed [108] to provide sufficient gas lift to force the brine into the space between the anode and cathode. 

Of particular interest is auction Additive Discrete (AD), which is designed for the special-case of preferential independence. Auction AD employs a compact price space, with linear-additive prices on attribute levels and an additional non-linear price term that applies to the bids from all suppliers. Experimental results for a simulated environment demonstrate that this price space provides a significant reduction in information revelation over an auction in which the price space maintains explicit prices on bundles of attribute levels. 

Two thin layers of polyester are processed with knitted, space-maintaining monofilaments. The wear characteristics are similar to foam, but the warp-knitted spacer fabric is elastic and air-permeable. The material composition is 88% polyamide/nylon and 12% spandex. The spacer fabric is more commonly used for lining of cups and carriers and for cushioning of sensitive skin areas (Anon., 2002a). 

The largest voliune of polsrmeric materials used in dentistry is in prosthetic applications. Polymeric materials are also important in operative dentistry, being used to produce composite resins, dental cements, adhesives, cavity liners, and as a protective sealant for pits and fissures. Elastomers are employed as impression materials. Resilient prosthetic devices are oft en fabricated to restore external soft-tissue defects. Mouth protectors are fabricated to prevent injury to teeth, as well as prevent head and neck injinaes. Other polymer applications include fabricating patterns for metal castings and partial denture frameworks, impression trays, orthodontic and periodontal devices, space maintainers, bite plates, cleft palate obdurators, and oral implants. Polymeric materials may also be used to fabricate an artificial tongue, when disease results in its loss. 

Henslee AM, et al. Use of porous space maintainers in staged mandibular reconstruction. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2014 26 143-9. 

Spicer PP, et al. In situ formation of porous space maintainers in a composite tissue defect. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012 100 827-33. 

---