Soymilk

Tofu. Tofu is prepared by adding a coagulant such as calcium sulfate to soymilk to precipitate the protein and oil into a gelatinous curd. The curd is then separated from the soluble portion (whey), pressed, and washed to yield a market-ready product. Tofu, a traditional food in Japan (90), was populari2ed in the United States in the late 1970s and is available in many U.S. supermarkets. 

NAGATA C, TAKATSUKA N, SHIMIZU H, HAYASHI H, AKAMATSU T, MURASE K (2001) Effect of soymilk consumption on serum estrogen and androgen concentrations in Japanese men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev . 10 179-84. 

Table II. Protein to Oil Ratio of Tofu and Soymilk as Affected by Protein and Oil Content of Soybeans (14)...

Thippeswamy, S. and Mulimani, V.H., Enzymic degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides in soymilk by immobilized alpha-galactosidase from Gibberella fujikuroi, Proc. Biochem., 38 (2002) 635-640. 

Fed spray-dried soymilk incubated with microbial phytase prior to hydrothermal cooking and either -Ca from CCM (0.31, 0.46, 0.61%)... 

Lihono, M. A., Serfass, R. E., Sell, J. L., and Palo, P. E. (1997a). Bioavailability of calcium citrate malate added to microbial phytase-treated, hydrothermally cooked soymilk. /. Food Sci. 62,1226-1230. 

Lydeking-Olsen E, Beck-Jensen JE, Setchell KD, Holm-Jensen T. Soymilk or progesterone for prevention of bone loss a 2 year randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Eur. J. Nutr. 43, 246-257, 2004. 

Morama milk is a creamy white water extract of morama beans that closely resembles dairy milk or soymilk in appearance and composition. The first report of the processing of morama beans into milk has been described by researchers in Botswana (Mpotokwane et al., 2007). 

Although not available commercially, morama milk can be consumed as a refreshing and nutritious beverage similar to dairy milk or soymilk. It can be used as an infant supplement providing additional protein, energy, and other nutrients to vulnerable populations where the supply of dairy milk is inadequate. It can also be an intermediate material for other applications such as yoghurt. 

The chemical composition of morama milk is indicated in Table 5.11 and it is compared with soymilk and dairy milk (Mpotokwane et ah, 2007). Morama milk has 6% total solids compared with 10% for soymilk and 12% for dairy milk. The morama milk solids include protein, which is about 1.5%, fat is 3.1%, carbohydrates is 1.1%, and ash is 0.2%. It has high levels of sodium (47.9 mg/100 g) and iron (3.7 mg/100 g) compared with the other two milks but much lower calcium (6.8 mg/1000 g). The proportion of unsaturated fatty acid in morama milk is significantly higher than in soymilk and dairy milk (Jackson et al., 2009). 

TABLE 5.11 Composition of morama milk, soymilk, and dairy milk Source Data adapted from Mpotokwane et al. (2007), Jackson et al. (2009), and Liu (1997)... 

Component (/lOO g) Morama milk Soymilk Dairy milk... 

Fermented morama milk products such as morama yoghurt have been reported by Phuthego et al. (2009). Morama milk yoghurt like soymilk yoghurt, provide economic and nutritional benefits, because they are likely to have higher protein levels at comparable or lower cost than regular fermented milk products (Karleskind et al., 1991). This is because... 

Iwuoha, C. I. and Umunnakwe, K. E. (1997). Chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of soymilk as affected by processing method, temperature and duration of storage. Food Chem. 59,373-379. 

Feng, Y.-W. and Acree, T.E. 2001. Processing modulation of soymilk flavor chemistry. In Aroma Active Compounds in Foods (G.R. Takeoka, M. Guntert, and K.-H. Engel, eds.) pp. 251-264. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 

Xu X, Wang H-J, Murphy PA, Cook L, Hendrich S. 1994. Daidzein is a more bioavailable soymilk isoflavone than is genistein in adult women. J Nutr 124 825-832. 

Yang, S. O., Kim, S. H., Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. S., Yun, S. S., and Choi, H. K. (2009). Classification of fermented soymilk during fermentation by H NMR coupled with principal component analysis and elucidation of free-radical scavenging activities. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73,1184A1188. 

C.L. Puertollano, C.B. Malcom, J. Banzon, and J.C. Melgae, Effect of changes on the formulation of soymilk on its acceptability to Filipino children. Phillipp. Agric. 54 227-240, 1971. 

Norton, J. (2003). Efficacy of odor scavengers in reducing odor compounds in water, milk and soymilk. M.S. Thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg. 

A 9-month-old boy was breast-fed, then changed to a soymilk, fruit, and vegetable regimen. His parents were strict vegetarians and did not take their son outside too... 

Sales example Soymilk from Belgium certified by Ecocert and shipped to Italy... 

The OFA has begun lobbying supermarkets as they develop their organic trade to only stock exclusively certified organic produce. At present they carry several international uncertified lines like the soymilk mentioned and more than a few uncertified organic Australian processed lines. 

Irreversible Insolubilization of Soybean Protein During Drying. Soymilk is an economical high-protein food of high nutritive value produced by grinding soaked whole soybeans with water, heat-... 

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