Soman behavioral effects

Nieminen, S.A., A. Leckhn, O. Heikkinen and P. Yhtalo. 1990. Acute behavioral effects of the organophosphates Sarin and Soman in rats. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 67 36-40. 

Buccafiisco, J.J., Graham, J.H., Aronstam, R.S. (1988). Behavioral effects of toxic doses of soman, an organophosphate... 

Recently, Olson et al. (2000) and Benschop et al. (1998) have provided reports of animal studies of effects of repeated low-level exposure to nerve CWA. In rats, Olson et al. determined the LOAEL and NOEL of subacute dosages of sarin, administered, i.m. They found that the dose of sarin (GB) needed to produce a low but measurable blood ChE inhibition was 0.75 p-g/kg once a day for 4 days. Thus, the exposure in Olson s study would be described as subclinical. GB was paired with a variety of other chemicals to include chlorpyrifos, DEET (A,A-diethyl-m-toluamide), carbaryl, and PB. No neurobehavioral or neuropathologic effects could be attributable to dosing with GB alone or in any combination with the other chemicals. Rats were also evaluated using a functional observational battery (EOB) and a Eigure 8 Activity Monitor with no significant behavioral effects reported. Benschop et al. (1998) reported on the toxicokinetics of low-level inhalation exposure to soman in... 

Harris, L.W., J.H. McDonough, Jr., D.L. Stitcher and W.J. Lennox. 1984. Protection against both lethal and behavioral effects of soman. Drug Chem Toxicol 7(6) 605-24. 

Psychological/behavioral effects were typically evident before the occurrence of physical symptoms. These effects were associated with whole blood ChE inhibitions of > 60%. There have been descriptions of the acute toxic effects in humans that follow high-dose exposure (> LDjq) to the nerve agents soman, sarin, and The... 

Brezenoff, H.E., McGee, J., Hymowitz, N. (1985). Effect of soman on schedule-controlled behavior and brain acetylcholinesterase in rats. Life Sci. 37 2421-30. 

Buccafusco, J.J., Heithold, D.L., Chon, S.H. (1990). Long-term behavioral and learning abnormalities produced by the irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor soman effect of a standard pretreatment regimen and clonidine. Toxicol. Lett. 52 319-29. 

Bailie, V., Dorandeu, F., Carpentier, P., Bizot, J-C., Filliat, P., Four, E., Denis, J., Lallement, G. (2001). Acute exposure to a low or mild dose of soman biochemical, behavioral and histopathological effects. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 69 561-9. 

Blick, D.W., Weathersby, F.R., Jr., Brown, G.C., Murphy, M.R. (1994h). Behavioral toxicity of anticholinesterases in primates effects of daily repeated soman exposure. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 49 643-9. 

Shih, T-M., Lenz, D.E., Maxwell, D.M. (1990). Effects of repeated injection of sublethal doses of soman on behavior and on brain acetylcholine and choline concentrations in the rat. Psychopharmacology 101 489-96. 

Hymowitz, N., Ploshnick, A., Laemle, L., Brezenoff, H. (1990). Effects of repeated administration of soman on schedule-controlled behavior and brain in the rat. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 12 47-56. 

Behavioral, neurochemical and physiological effects of repeated exposures to subsymptomatic levels of the anticholinesterase, soman. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 8 675-85. 

Wolthuis, O.L., Vanwersch, R.A., Van Helden, H.P. (1986). Residual behavioral incapacitation after therapy of soman intoxication the effect of a soman simulator. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 8 127-30. 

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