Solutions in Green Chemistry

Solutions in Green Chemistry is a multi-disciplinary curriculum and teachertraining institute for the high school science classroom. The curriculum was developed by a team of high school teachers and curriculum experts in order to develop a unit that can be introduced into any high school science course. The... 

The Solutions in Green Chemistry and Recipe for Sustainable Science units have been developed to reach students of all levels and abilities. The units target those students who have come to think that science is not for them and students to which science has not captured their imaginations. The units are designed to be hands-on and allow students to use their creativity within sound scientific principles. Both units are also available in Spanish for the use in other countries and for the ESL populations in U.S. schools that typically get very little science content in their education. Students will come away from the units with an alternative view of science that relates to their daily lives and teachers will learn how to apply Green Chemistry and sustainability to their own classroom activities. 

Beyond Benign Foundation. Solutions in Green Chemistry An Introduction to Green Chemistry in the High School, http //www.beyondbenign.org/ outreacheducation/highschool.html (accessed Dec 27, 2008). 

Fortunately, radicals are a neutral species in general. Thus, they are not affected by the various kinds of solvents (reaction media), i.e. protic polar solvents such as ethanol and water, aprotic polar solvents such as acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and non-polar solvents such as hexane and benzene. Moreover, radicals are not affected fundamentally by basic species or acidic species. Radical reactions should take place not only in benzene, but also in water, and proceed not only in 1 N aqueous HC1 solution, but also in 1 N aqueous NaOH solution. This is the fundamental character of radicals and radical reactions, and is a great advantage an advantage that should be reflected in green chemistry. 

The discussion is organized in the following order First the advantages of HRC scheme, relative to the industrial (i.e., heterogenous) process are briefly commented on second, the relevance of celMose activation and the physical state of its solution to optimization of esterification are discussed. Finally, the use of recently introduced solvent systems and synthetic schemes, designed in order to obtain new, potentially useful cellulose esters with controlled, reproducible properties is reviewed. A comment on the conformity of these methods with the concepts of green chemistry is also included. 

Enzyme-mediated oxidation reactions offer highly diverse options for the modification of existing functional groups as well as for the introduction of novel function in chiral catalysis. Biooxidations often enable us to obtain complementary solutions to metal-assisted transformations and organocatalysis and are considered one of the important strategies of green chemistry . 

Synthesis of metal carbonyl clusters on oxide surfaces (followed by extraction into a solvent and workup) is occasionally a more convenient and efficient method for preparation of a metal carbonyl cluster than conventional solution chemistry. This synthetic strategy offers the green chemistry advantage of minimizing solvent use, as the reaction often occurs in the absence of solvent. 

The writing of this book was undertaken because it was intended to be the first work that solely focuses on chemistry, and what appropriate metrics for Green Chemistry might be. We hope the book provides an up-to-date and authoritative text on the current development of environmental concepts in chemical technologies from clean and green to sustainable development. We also think it provides up-to-date information on the problems of metrics fundamental aspects of metrics, practical realisations and real-world case study examples. The concepts and approaches of metrics are related to the fundamental problems in chemistry and the main focus is on the use of metrics to promote the development and implementation of green chemistry and technology solutions. 

Nanomaterials hold promise for elegant solutions to numerous environmental concerns, from implementation of green chemistry processes for industrial and agrochemical uses (e.g., Mohanty et al. 2003 McKenzie and Hutchison 2004) to production of novel materials for treatment of various contaminants (e.g., Dror et al. 2005 Nurmi et al. 2005 Nagaveni et al. 2004 Kuhn et al. 2003). However, these possibilities also bring new threats that must be considered and monitored. Nanomaterials magnify and stimulate properties that, at larger scales, are in many... 

---