Beyond Benign

Beyond Benign Foundation. Green Chemistry The Green Curriculum. 

Beyond Benign Foundation, 66 Cummings Park, Woburn, MA 01801 President and Chief Technology OfHcer, Warner Babcock Institute for Green Chemistry, 66 Cummings Park, Woburn, MA 01801... 

Beyond Benign Foundation. Solutions in Green Chemistry An Introduction to Green Chemistry in the High School, http //www.beyondbenign.org/ outreacheducation/highschool.html (accessed Dec 27, 2008). 

Despite the risks of benzodiazepine dependence and overdose among alcoholic patients beyond the period of acute withdrawal, there may be a role for the judicious use of benzodiazepines in treating these patients. To the degree that early relapse, which commonly disrupts alcoholism treatment, is a result of continued withdrawal-related symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, insomnia) that can be suppressed by low doses of benzodiazepines, retention in treatment could be enhanced by the use of benzodiazepines (Kissin 1977). Moreover, for some patients, benzodiazepine dependence, if it does occur, may be more benign than alcoholism. 

Remarkably, alkanes are oxidatively transformed by biological organisms at benign temperatures and pressures. Clearly, enzymatic transformations of alkanes and their well studied mechanisms (e.g., for cytochrome P450) are beyond the... 

An excluded-volume random-coil conformation will be achieved when the solvent quality exceeds the theta point, the temperature or denatu-rant concentration at which the solvent-monomer interactions exactly balance the monomer—monomer interactions that cause the polymer to collapse into a globule under more benign solvent conditions. A number of lines of small-angle scattering—based evidence are consistent with the suggestion that typical chemical or thermal denaturation conditions are good solvents (i.e., are beyond the theta point) and thus that chemically or thermally unfolded proteins adopt a near random-coil conformation. 

Although the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of unipolar depression is beyond reproach, the side-effect profile of these agents makes them less desirable as first-line therapeutic agents. Introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram and fluvoxamine in the past decade has revolutionized the treatment of depression universally. The side-effect profile of SSRIs, such as nausea, diarrhea and sexual dysfunction, is considerably more benign than that of tricyclic drugs. Multiple controlled trials have proven the efficacy of SSRIs vs. placebo (Nemeroff, 1994). Recently, a number of SNRIs (serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors) and so-called atypical antidepressants have been marketed that may have additional advantages over SSRIs, such as more rapid onset of action (venlafaxine. mirtazapine) and low sexual side-effect potential ( bupropion, nefazodone). Additionally, it appears that venlafaxine may be more efficacious in cases of treatment-refractory depression (Clerc et al., 1994 Fatemi et al., 1999). Finally, in a recent report (Thase et al., 2001),... 

No drug-drug interactions have been reported for saw palmetto. Patients should be instructed that it may take 4-6 weeks for onset of clinical effects. Recommended dosing of a standardized dried extract (containing 85-95% fatty acids and sterols) is 160 mg orally twice daily. The efficacy of saw palmetto in benign prostatic hyperplasia beyond 6 months has not been established. 

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is relatively uncommon. It is said to be benign and painless and to resolve within a few weeks. However, in this case it was extremely painful and was relieved only by opiates. The skin changes persisted beyond the age of 6 months and remained extremely symptomatic until the age of 9 months, when the skin had become normal. Calcium abnormahties have often been reported in association with subcutaneous fat necrosis, and exposure to amlodipine during pregnancy may have resulted in impairment of enzyme systems dependent on calcium fluxes for their action it may also have affected calcium homeostasis in the neonate. Since previous reports of teratogenicity in animals have been published, few women take calcium channel blockers during... 

A common misconception is that health guidance values, such as the MRL, represent a level above which toxicity is likely to occur. This misconception has occasionally led to unwarranted concern and public apprehension about relatively benign exposures to environmental substances. The MRL is neither a threshold for toxicity, nor a level beyond which toxicity is likely to occur. MRLs are established solely as screening tools for public health officials to use when determining whether further evaluation of potential exposure at a hazardous waste site is warranted. The relevance of the MRL to public health is discussed further in the following sections concerning the derivation of the respective mercury MRLs. 

Seborrheic keratoses (Figure 30.12) are very common and are found on areas of skin that have been exposed to the sun as well as unexposed areas. The lesions are always benign, but can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from malign melanomas. Beyond a certain thickness, the kera-totic layer makes them unresponsive to peels, even to phenol. They can be treated by shave excision with a snare and radiofrequency (Elhnan unit) immediately before applying... 

From this Supreme and Unimaginable Source streams forth all Mercy and Benignity, so that when Microprosopus, the Lesser Countenance, looks upwards to Macroprosopus, the Vast Countenance, the Influx passes over, and those below are mitigated. He is spoken of as Hoa, He, not as Ateh, Thou, and He is beyond all time and space and form. Of Him Eliphas Levi has aptly said "He is the Space containing the Universe, but the Universe is not His space."... 

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