Bismuth hydroxide, Bi

Bi(N03)3 reacts with sodium hydroxide to form bismuth hydroxide, Bi(OH)3 ... 

When antimony and bismuth are burned in air, only the +3 oxides result. The amphoteric Sb40g is structurally similar to the phosphorus(III) oxide and with some difficulty can be oxidized to a polymeric +5 oxide. The more ionic Bi203 is very difficult to oxidize and is distinctly basic in character. Bismuth hydroxide, Bi(OH)3, a true base, can be precipitated out of various bismuth(III) solutions with the addition of hydroxide ions. 

Bismuth hydroxide (Bi[OH]3) Bismuth hydroxide (BiO[OH]). Halides Bismuth chloride oxide (BiClO). 

Bi is detected in alkaline medium by stannite anions. Therefore, bismuth stands in the solution as bismuth hydroxide Bi(OH)3. At pH= 14, the involved bismuth couple is Bi(OH)3/Bi(s) according to the half-redox reaction... 

Bi-III is detected at pH = 0 in hydrochloric acid medium. In these conditions, the cation Bi + seems to exist. By dilution with water, there is precipitation of basic salts or bismuthyl salts, which form through bismuth hydroxide Bi(OH)3, which, by a subsequent loss of water, yields bismuthyl hydroxide BiO(OH) ... 

Bismuth trioxide may be prepared by the following methods (/) the oxidation of bismuth metal by oxygen at temperatures between 750 and 800°C (2) the thermal decomposition of compounds such as the basic carbonate, the carbonate, or the nitrate (700—800°C) (J) precipitation of hydrated bismuth trioxide upon addition of an alkah metal hydroxide to a solution of a bismuth salt and removal of the water by ignition. The gelatinous precipitate initially formed becomes crystalline on standing it has been represented by the formula Bi(OH)2 and called bismuth hydroxide [10361 -43-0]. However, no definite compound has been isolated. 

Discovery of water-compatible Lewis acids has greatly expanded the use of Lewis acids in organic synthesis in aqueous media. However, conventional Lewis acids such as Alm, Tifv, Snfv, etc. still cannot be used in aqueous media under standard conditions. Bismuth triflate, Bi(OTf>3, is reported to exist in water as an equilibrium mixture of Bi(OTf)3 with bismuth hydroxide and triflic acid [18]. 

The reaction of hydrazonoester 6 with allenyl pinacol boronate 7 was set as a model, and several metal hydroxides (20 mol%) were screened as catalysts in H20-DMF (1 3) at room temperature [104]. It was found that allenyl adduct 8 was produced with high selectivity in the presence of bismuth(III) hydroxide, Bi(OH)3 (Scheme 3). Interestingly, copper(II) hydroxide, Cu(OH)2, preferentially gave propargyl adduct 9. On the basis of these promising results, we further optimized the reaction conditions using Bi(OH)3 and Cu(OH)2 (Table 5). 

Bismuth trichloride also unites with quinoline and pyridine. Quino-lino-bismuth chloride, [Bi(C9H7N)]Cl3, is obtained as a white crystalline mass on mixing the chloride with the base. This derivative is only slowly decomposed by water and is not deliquescent.3 Bismuth chloride and pyridine form a white compound of composition BiCl3.l-5(CsH5N) or 2BiCl3.3(C5H5N) on adding pyridine to an ethereal solution of bismuth chloride,4 or it may be formed from an acetone solution of the chloride and excess of pyridine.3 It is a white crystalline powder, fairly stable towards water, and only attacked slowly by hydrochloric acid. Aqueous sodium hydroxide quickly decomposes the additive compound. 

Bismuth derivatives Oxides (Bi203, Bi204 and Bi2Os) and hydroxide Bi(OH)3 Organic salts of Bi Copper compounds and carbon black (Soot) further enhance the effect of Bi derivatives [242, 243]. 

Bismuth forms tervalent and pentavalent ions. Tervalent bismuth ion Bi3+ is the most common. The hydroxide, Bi(OH)3 is a weak base bismuth salts therefore hydrolyse readily, when the following process occurs ... 

The only well-established oxide of bismuth is Bi203, a yellow powder soluble in acids to give bismuth salts. It lacks acidic character and is insoluble in alkalis. From solutions of bismuth salts, alkali, or ammonium hydroxide precipitates a hydroxide, Bi(OH)3. Like the oxide, this compound is completely basic. Bismuth(V) oxide is extremely unstable and has never been obtained in pure form. The action of extremely powerful oxidizing agents on Bi203 gives a red-brown powder that rapidly loses oxygen at 100°C. 

Bismuth Subnitrate. Bismuth hydroxide nitrate oxide bismuth nitrate, basic bismuth oxynitrate bismuth sub-nitricum bismuthyl nitrate bismuth white magistery of bismuth novismuth paint white Spanish white. A basic salt, the compn of which varies with the conditions of prepa ration. Contains 70 to 74% Bi Or 79 to 82% Bi2Oj. Prepd by partial hydrolysis of Bi(NOj)3 Gmelin s, Bismuth (8th ed.) 19, pp 132-135 (1927) Traits Pharm, Chim, vol. 1, P. Le-beau, M. M. Janot, Eds. (Masson, Paris, 1956) p 371 Hand-iiucft der Pharmazie, vol, 4[Pg.198]

Bismuthous Hydroxid—BiHaOs—261—is formed, as a white precipitate, when potash or ammonium hydroxid is added to a cold solution of a Bi salt. When dried, it loses HaO, and is converted into bismuthyl hydroxid (BiO)HO. 

The very sensitive and selective redox reaction between bismuth hydroxide and alkali stannite giving metallic bismuth (page 134) may be applied for the rapid and reliable detection of bismuth in alloys. The sample can be dissolved or it may be subjected to attack with bromine vapors. Bismuth, as well as other components of alloys, are thus converted into bromides. This step, as well as the transformation into Bi(OH)a and the reduction of the latter to dark, finely divided metal, can be carried out without visible damage to the specimen. 

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