Solution Flow Rate

Fig. 13. Scanning election micrograph of polyacrylonitrile fibrils formed by spraying a 0.05 wt % polyacrylonitrile in dimetbylform amide solution into CO2 through a 50-//m inner diameter, 18-cm-long no22le at a temperature of 40°C, density of 0.66 g/mL, and solution flow rate of 0.36 ml,/min (118).

These scrubbers have had limited use as part of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, but the scrubbing solution flow rate must be carefully controlled to avoid flooding. When absorption is used for VOC control, packed towers are usually more cost effective than impingement plate towers (discussed later). 

FIGURE 6.29 Poly(allylamine hydrochloride). Column Shodex Asahipak GF-7I0 HQ + GF-5I0 HQ + GF-310 HQ. 7.6 mm i.d. x 300 mm x 3. Eluenc LiCI aqueous solution. Flow rate 0.6 mL/min. Detector Shodex Rl. Column temp. 50°C. Sample I %, 50 /cL Poly(allylamine hydrochloride). 

Well-defined hydrodynamic conditions, with high rate of mass transport, are essential for successful use of electrochemical detectors. Based on the Nemst approximate approach, the thickness of the diffusion layer (<5) is empirically related to the solution flow rate (U) via... 

Instantaneous monomer feed flow-rate. Instantaneous initiator feed flow-rate. Time-averaged monomer solution flow-rate in oscillatory steady-state. 

Time-averaged initiator solution flow-rate in oscillatory steady-state. 

Figure 4.17 Selectivity of counter-ion for the retention of indoleacetic acid. Column, Hitachi 3011 (polystyrene gel), 25 cm x 4.1 mm i.d. eluent, 50 mM sodium phosphate (NaP) containing 25 mM tetrabutylammonium (TBA) or octyl sulfate (C8) ion in 20% acetonitrile solution flow rate, 1ml min-1 temperature, 40 °C detection, UV 254 nm.

In order to study further the favorable aspects of in situ acid catalyzed hydrolysis, experiments were performed at different temperatures so as to evaluate the dependence of rate on temperature. Solutions of aldlcarb were passed through a jacketed column around which water at 30, 40, or 50°C was circulating. The ion exchange bed (5 cm x 0.70 cm) contained 2.0 g of Bio-Rad AG MP-50 strong acid cation exchange resin (iT ", 100-200 mesh), and the solution flow rate was approximately 1.0 ml/mln. The percent of Initial aldlcarb remaining at the end of the column for each temperature decreased from 76% at 30 C to 56% at 40 C and 35% at 50°C. Future temperature studies will be done in order to evaluate the practicality of temperature control in a detoxification filter unit. 

The relative migration rate of the peak concentration of strontium at a solution flow rate of 0.1 mL per minute was used to calculate the equilibrium fractionation of strontium between glauconite and solution. It was determined that at equilibrium 0.958 of the strontium would be adsorbed by the glauconite and 0.042 of the strontium would be in solution (mobile phase). 

Amaranth, indigotine, tartrazine, sunset yellow, allura red, ponceau 4R, erythrosine, brilliant green, brilliant blue Altex C18 5 yum, 250 X 4.6 mm 45-100% B (TBA hydrogen phosphate solution methanol, 2 8, v/v) in TBA hydrogen phosphate solution flow rate 1 ml/min Diode array, UV —280 nm 223... 

Scheme of the wall-jet electrode as constructed in our laboratory with (1) solution tank, (2) vessel to control the solution flow rate, (3) pump, (4) flow-rate measuring device, (5) capillary, (6) measuring chamber, (7) counter electrode, (8) reference electrode, (9) working electrode, (10) overflow system to return solution to the solution tank. 

Schmidt, A., Karas, M., and Dulcks, T. (2003). Effect of different solution flow rates on analyte ion signals in nano-ESI MS, or when does ESI turn into nano-ESI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 14 492-500. 

The research subject in the given problem is the process of cementation based on squeezing out mercury from salt-acidic solution by means of a less useful metal, such as aluminum. A study of kinetics of the given chemical reaction shows that this process may be effectively conducted in a continuous chemical reactor. Process efficiency is measured by mercury concentration in the solution after refinement. This is simultaneously the system response as it may be measured quite accurately and quantitatively. These three factors influence the cementation process significantly Xi-temperature of solution, °C X2-solution flow rate in reactor, ml/1 and X3-quantity of aluminum g. The factor space is defined by these intervals 50[Pg.341]

A second method of determining the coefficient ( >,/5) and the intrinsic enrichment of the membrane Ea is to use Equation (4.11). The term ln(l — 1/E) is plotted against the permeate flux measured at constant feed solution flow rates but different permeate pressures or feed solution temperatures. This type of plot is shown in Figure 4.10 for data obtained with aqueous trichloroethane solutions in pervaporation experiments with silicone rubber membranes. 

Figure 4.10 Trichloroethane enrichment [ln(l — 1/E)] as a function of permeate flux Jv in pervaporation experiments with silicone rubber membranes in spiral-wound modules using solutions of 100 ppm trichloromethane in water [15]. Feed solution flow rates are shown...

Plots of the limiting flux. /mux as a function of solution concentration for latex solution data are shown in Figure 6.9 for a series of latex solutions at various feed solution flow rates. A series of straight line plots is obtained, and these extrapolate to the gel concentration cgel at zero flux. The slopes of the plots in Figure 6.9 are proportional to the term D/S in Equation (6.3). The increase in flux resulting from an increase in the fluid recirculation rate is caused by the decrease in the boundary layer thickness S. 

The limiting current density for an electrodialysis system operated at the same feed solution flow rate is a function of the feed solution salt concentration, as shown in Equation (10.17). As the salt concentration in the solution increases, more ions are available to transport current in the boundary layer, so... 

It also specifies the level of signal that is observed. d This specifies the frequency response of the system and is accompanied by a time requirement. More noise filtering requires a long measurement. e Most commercial burners do not use a sheath gas however, there is always the possibility of a sheath gas in EAAS. f This is important if the sample solution flow rate is controlled by a pump rather than by the oxidant gas flow rate. 

Figure 4. a, CIDEP spectrum observed during the photolysis of a flowing GAV solution (flow rate at 5 mlVmin). b, The time-resolved polarization profiles monitored at selected magnetic fields 1, ketyl radicals and 2, phenacyl radicals. 

Reactor Description Channel width (pm)/length (mm) Per channel volume (mm3)/surface area (mm2) Enzyme "loading" g"E"/g PDMS Urea Feed Solution Flow rate Mean residence (mL/min) time (min) ... 

The CuCl2 solution flow rate was also varied from 1 to 3 mL/h with a fixed Ar flow rate. There was less conversion at the higher CuCl2 flow rate than at the lower flow rate. We concluded that the higher CuCl2 solution flow rate results in larger droplets, hence less conversion. 

---