Reactor description

Pressure-tubes allow the separate, low-pressure, heavy-water moderator to act as a backup hesit sink even if there is no water in the fuel channels. Should this fail, the calandria shell ilsdf can contain the debris, with the decay heat being transferred to the water-filled shield tank around the core. Should the severe core damage sequence progress further, the shield tank and the concrete reactor vault significantly delay the challenge to containment. Furthermore, should core melt lead to containment overpressure, the concrete containment wall will leak and reduce the possibility of catastrophic structural failure (Snell, 1990). 

The Canadian licensing philosophy requires that each accident, together with failure of each safety system in turn, be assessed (and specified dose limits met) as part of the design and licensing process. In response, designers have provided CANDUs with two independent dedicated shutdown systems, and the likelihood of anticipated transients without scram is negligible. 

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Peer-reviewed journals [4, 40] proceedings [26, 42, 43, 84] reactor description ... 

You have been asked to design a small pilot plant facility for the production of cyclohexane using some combination of existing tubular reactors. The reactor descriptions are as follows ... 

Integration with the (micro) kinetics, in other words the kinetics of the pertinent free biocatalysts or of the immobilized biocatalysts including mass transfer, yields the overall reactor description or macrokinetics in later sections. In order to come up with these descriptions, a mass balance over the bioreactor should be drawn up (Figure 11.11). 

In this case the fluid phase is aerated (in the case of aerobic bioreactor) that maintains the turbulent hydrodynamic conditions on the one hand, and prevents the forming of the cake layer on the immersed membrane module, on the other hand. The reactor description is also well known [67], and is not discussed here. 

Reactor Description Channel width (pm)/length (mm) Per channel volume (mm3)/surface area (mm2) Enzyme "loading" g"E"/g PDMS Urea Feed Solution Flow rate Mean residence (mL/min) time (min) ... 

This simple analysis is semi empirical it is not a description of the diffusion limited reaction within the crystals but allows one to take into account both phenomena, in order to provide kinetic models for FCC reactor description [11]. Experimental results on the three feedstocks are shown in figure 1, with the deactivation function determined according to the method described in [10]. Curves are calculated from equation (3) after fitting E and F. These values are reported in table 2. 

Table 2 Laboratory and pilot scale reactor description and operating conditions... 

Since the reaction rate expression now contains the independent variable T, the material balance cannot be solved alone. The solution of the material balance equation is only possible by the simultaneous solution of the energy balance. Thus, for nonisothermal reactor descriptions, an energy balance must accompany the material balance. 

This reactor description is a coupled set of parabolic partial differential equations that are solved numerically. The results shown here were obtained using the software package PDECOL [N. K. Madsen and R. F. Sincovec, ACM Toms, 5 (1979) 326]. 

Thus far, fixed-bed reactor descriptions have been presented. Schematic representations of fixed-bed reactors are provided in Figure 10.4.1, and a photograph of a commercial reactor is provided in Figure 10.4.2. 

Reactor description Influent characteristics Operational data Treatment efficiency Startup time (d) Comments Refs. 

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