Solubilization of insoluble

Sulphonation is widely used for the solubilization of insoluble azo dyestuffs. 

Transferrin iron uptake via receptor-mediated endocytosis has clearly appeared fairly late in evolution, when we consider that the bilobal iron-binding protein is found only as far back as insects . As we have seen in the preceding chapters, iron-uptake mechanisms involving the synthesis of more or less specific siderophores have evolved together with strategies implying the solubilization of insoluble ferric iron by the combined effects of pH and reduction, and even the development of receptor proteins capable of taking up transferrin-, lactoferrin- or haem-bound iron from specific hosts. 

Solubilization of insoluble oxidation products and soot particles. Reverse micelles (RMs) formations manage the prevention of agglomeration and the contamination process of insoluble oxidation particles and soot particles by both steric stabilization (Fig.2.1) and electrostatic stabilization mechanisms (Fig.2.2). The steric stabilization mechanism provides a physical barrier to agglomeration of particles by adsorption on particle surfaces. Adsorbed dispersant acts as a physical barrier to attraction between particles. 

Solubilization of insoluble ferric phosphates may occur when microorganisms reduce ferric ions to ferrous ions under anaerobic conditions. 

Mandl, I., Grauer, A. and Neuberg, C., 1952. Solubilization of insoluble matter in nature. 

Martino, E., Perotto, S., Parsons, R., and Gadd, G. M. (2003). Solubilization of insoluble inorganic zinc compounds by ericoid mycorrhizal fungi derived from heavy metal polluted sites. Soil Biol. Biochem. 35, 133-141. 

Sayer, J. A., Raggett, S. L., and Gadd, G. M. (1995). Solubilization of insoluble metal compounds by soil fungi development of a screening method for solubilizing ability and metal tolerance. Mycol. Res. 99, 987-993. 

SOLUBILIZATION OF INSOLUBLE COMPOUNDS INTO CO2 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY... 

Altering physicochemical environment in soil, which may result in solubilization of insoluble phosphate minerals... 

Degradation and Solubilization of Insoluble Cellular Organic Material from Phytoplankton... 

Quite surprisingly, it was reported that initiator 22 was soluble in a mixture of 80/15 (wt/wt) q clohexane/hexanes. Polymerization of an 80/20 (wt/wt) blend of butadiene and styrene at 50 ° C in hexanes using 22 as initiator was carried out in the presence of 0.30 equivalents of TMEDA relative to lithium. After conventional termination and work-up, the resulting polymer exhibited a molecular weight distribution M /M = 1.27) which was narrower than the distribution for the SBR prepared with initiator 21 the polymer exhibited 2% block styrene and 35% 1,2-microstructure (Tg=-50°C). Procedures have been described for solubilization of insoluble lithium amides by direct chain extension with butadiene or addition of 2 equivalents of a polar, solubilizing additive such as THF. ... 

The critical micellar concentration of any detergent may be determined by a number of different methods, including the solubilization of insoluble dye, osmotic pressure, conductivity, surface tension, light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, refractive index, freezing point determination, vapor pressure, sound velocity, etc. (141). Each method may give a somewhat different value for CMC. 

Zinc is an essential micronutrient in crop production its deficiency is widespread in arable soils and is also frequent in the host crops of Ga. diazotrophicus, such as sugarcane, rice, and coffee. Therefore, solubilization of insoluble Zn compounds by Ga. diazotrophicus may enhance Zn nutrition of host crops (reviewed by Saravanan et al. 2008). It was reported that different isolates of Ga. diazotrophicus effectively solubilized ZnO over ZnCOs or ZnSOa in plate and broth assays, showing variations in the solubilization capacity. After inoculation, those isolates were also able to improve sugarcane growth (Natheer and Muthukkamppan 2012). 

In most cases multiple emulsions are aimed for slow and sustained release of active matter from an internal liquid reservoir into the continuous phase. In some applications the multiple emulsions can serve also as an internal reservoir to entrap matter from the outer diluted continuous phase into the inner confined space. These applications are aimed to remove toxic matter. In other applications multiple emulsions are reservoirs for improved dissolution or solubilization of insoluble materials. The materials will dissolve in part in the inner phase, in part at the internal interface, and occasionally at the external interface. Applications related to protection of sensitive and active molecules... 

The solubility decreases for sodium abietate as salt concentration is increased, while it first increases and then decreases for sodium oleate. The 1 1 mixture has a good solubility up to a high salt concentration. It was concluded that sodium oleate and sodium abietate together form very stable mixed micelles. The good solubility of these mixed micelles in salt solutions also enables solubilization of insoluble fatty components at... 

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