Solubility butyl Cellosolve

Water Clearly Soluble Ethanol Clearly Soluble Butyl Cellosolve Clearly Soluble Aromatic Hydrocarbons Clearly Soluble Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Clearly Soluble Fluorinated Hydrocarbons Clearly Soluble Mineral Oil Insoluble... 

The complexes are very soluble in methanol, ethanol, butanol, methyl Cellosolve (2-methoxyethanol), and ethyl Cellosolve (2-ethoxyethanol), and to a fair degree, quite soluble in 1,2-dimethoxyethane and di- and triglyme. They are initially quite soluble in tetrahydrofuran, acetone, pyridine, nitro-methane, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and iV,A/-dimethyl-formamide, but usually precipitation of the nickel halide-solvent complex occurs if attempts are made to prepare moderately concentrated solutions in these solvents. They are only very slightly soluble, or are quite insoluble in dioxane, ethyl ether, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methyl- and butyl-cellosolve acetate (2-methoxyethyl and 2-butoxyethyl acetate). 

Polymerization of styrene in each of the three types of microemulsions was performed using a water soluble initiator, potassium persulfate (K2S208), as well as an oil-soluble initiator, AIBN. As desired, solid polymeric materials were obtained instead of latex particles. In the anionic system, the cosolvent 2-pentanol or butyl cellosolve separates out during polymerization. Three phases are always obtmned after polymerization. The solid polymer was obtained in the middle with excess phases at the top and bottom. GC analysis of the upper phase indicates more than 80% 2-pentanol, while Karl-Fisher analysis indicated more than 94% water in the lower phase. Some of the initial microemulsion systems have either an excess organic phase on top or an excess water phase as the bottom layer. GC analysis showed the organic phase to be rich in 2-pentanol. However, the volume of the excess phase is much less in the initial system than in the polymerized system. 

The use of butyl cellosolve as cosurfactant instead of 2-pentanol increases the stability of microemulsions during polymerization. This is partly due to the fact that the solubility of butyl cellosolve in lystyrene is hiAer than the solubility of 2-pentanol in polystyrene as experimentally verified by Gan and Chew (17). 

Friberg and coworkers examined the problems of stability in a series of papers related to the polymerization of styrene in water-in-oil microemulsions stabilized by SDS and pentanol [64,132-134]. Their conclusion was that entropic conformational factors were not the only ones of importance in the mechanism of destabilization. A correlation was established between polymer solubility in the cosurfactant and that of monomer by using another cosurfactant, butyl cellosolve. The higher solubility of polystyrene in butyl cellosolve gave better stability than pentanol-containing microemulsions. 

At the same time solvents range from those miscible with water in all proportions to those in which water is very sparingly soluble though always detectable. Furthermore there are a number of solvents e.g. butyl cellosolve, MEK and THF that have lower as well as upper critical solution temperatures (LOST and UCST, respectively). 

The property of butyl Cellosolve most often used in its recovery is its water solubility, and its behaviour in water mixtures is therefore of great importance. As Fig. 16.13 shows, butyl Cellosolve is completely miscible with water at low temperatures but forms two liquid phases at certain concentrations above 57 °C. Its UCST is 128 °C. At the boiling point of the butyl Cellosolve/water azeotrope the condensate splits into an aqueous phase containing about 2% and an organic phase of about 57% w/w (0.17 mole fraction) of butyl Cellosolve. The organic phase can very easily be separated by distillation into the azeotrope and a dry butyl Cellosolve fraction. 

Because of the water-solubility of HMMM resins, they can be used with water-reducible alkyds, polyesters or acrylics and with acrylic copolymer latices to produce water-based counterparts of the above stoving finishes. Such coatings are not usually free of small proportions of water-miscible co-solvents, e.g. butyl Cellosolve , and ammonia or amines (see p. 108). 

Mutual Solubility of Butyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent/Water vs Temperature... 

Butyl cellosolve Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 2-butoxyethanol. Liquid soluble in 20 parts water soluble in most organic solvents. It is used as a coalescent in latex paints bp, 171-172°C Sp gr, 0.901. 

The porosity of solid polystyrene produced by polymerization in a middle-phase (bicontinuous) microemulsion is greater than that obtained by polymerization in either water-continuous or oil-continuous microemulsion. The first account of a middle-phase microemulsion-based porous polymer was reported by Haque and Qutubuddin in 1988 [71]. The microemulsions were formulated with styrene, water, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 2-pentanol or butyl cellosolve as the cosolvent. (Since butyl cellosolve has greater solubility than 2-pentanol in polystyrene, it increases the stability of SDS microemulsion.) Figure 3.14 shows the structure of polystyrene when obtained from middle-phase microemulsion polymerization at 60 °C for 36 h, the composition (wt%) before polymerization being SDS 10 %, 2-pentanol 25 %, styrene 40 %, and water 25 %. The polymerized stmcture shows pores in both micron and submicron ranges. The observed greater porosity of this solid compared to the solids obtained from polymerization of oil-continuous microemulsion (SDS 10 %, 2-pentanol 25 %, styrene 55 %, water 10 %) and water-continuous microemulsion (SDS 10 %, 2-pentanol 25 %, styrene 5 %, water 60 %) is apparently related to the fact that middle-phase microemulsions contain interconnected domains of both water-continuous and oil-continuous regions. 

The specimens were coated with a blend of the carboxylated polyester and second polymer in a solvent (10% solids), which, when possible, consisted of a conventional lacquer solvent (74.2% toluene, 7.4% butyl alcohol, 7.4% Solvesso 100 solvent, 3.7% ethyl acetate, 3.7% butyl acetate, and 3.6 Cellosolve acetate). If the second polymer was not soluble (polysulfone, polycarbonates, PPO), chloroform was used. The coatings were dried for 1 hour at room temperature and then for 2 hours in an oven at 115°C. The coating thickness was about 0.5 mil. 

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