Solid-phase extraction for sample preparation

M. Zief and R. Kiser, Solid Phase Extraction for Sample Preparation, J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg (1988). 

Pommier F, Boschet F, Gosset G (2003) Quantitative determination of benazepril and benazeprilat in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using automated 96-well disk plate solid-phase extraction for sample preparation. J Chromatogr B 783 199-205... 

Jemal, M. Huang, M. Mao, Y. Whigan, D. Schuster, A. Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Quantitation of Fosinoprilat in Human Serum using Automated 96-Well Solid-Phase Extraction for Sample Preparation, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 14(12), 1023-1028 (2000). 

Hubert, P. Crommen, J. HPLC determination of verapamil and norverapamil in plasma using automated solid phase extraction for sample preparation and fluorometric detection. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1994, 17, 2147-2170... 

Solid phase extraction. A sample preparation technique using liquid-solid sorption to remove contaminants from the sample or isolate the sought for compounds from the sample. 

Before any sample can be subjected to chromatography, some type of sample preparation is required, which can be as simple as filtration or an involved solid-phase extraction protocol. Sample preparation is that activity or those activities necessary to prepare a sample for analysis. The ultimate goal of sample preparation is to provide the component of interest in solution, free from interferences and at a concentration appropriate for detection. This entry will briefly discuss seven topic areas included in sample preparation standard methods, solid-phase extraction (SPE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), microdialysis, ultraliltration (UF), and automated systems. 

GA Smith, TL Lloyd. Automated solid-phase extraction and sample preparation-finding the right solution for your laboratory. LC-GC S22—S31, 1998. 

Smith, G. A. Lloyd, T.L. Automated Solid-Phase Extraction and Sample Preparation Finding the Right Solution for your Laboratory, LC-GC North America 16(12), 21-27 (1998). 

Meissner G, Hartonen K, Riekkola LL. Supercritical-fluid extraction combined with solid-phase extraction as sample preparation technique for the analysis of beta-blockers in resum and urine. Fresenius J Anal Chem 1998 360 618-621. 

In particular, methods for analysis of OTA in wine, including both sample preparation and analysis, have to provide LOQ of at least 0.6gg/L (the legal limit is 2ppb), LOD <0.2gg/L, a linearity range of 0.1-100 ppb, and an extraction yield from red and white wines at least 84.6 and 88.4%, respectively (International Organization of Vine and Wine, 2006). Solid-phase extraction (SPE) sample preparation coupled with LC/MS analysis provides the performances required. Recently, LC/MS methods by direct injection of the sample were developed as well. 

Ekstrom, S., Wallman, L., Hok, D., Marko-Varga, G, and Laurell, T., Miniaturized solid-phase extraction and sample preparation for MALDl MS using a microfabricated integrated selective enrichment target. Journal Proteome Research, 5, 1071-1081, 2006. 

Typical instrument set-ups for online sample preparation, for example, solid phase extraction and sample pre-concentration, require the control of a six-port valve with an additional special column and a second pump. Ideally, this system will be fully controlled by the data acquisition software (Figure 3.12 (A)). 

Poole, C. E, Principles and Practice of Solid-phase Extraction, In Sampling and Sample Preparation for Field and Laboratory Fundamentals and Hew Directions in Sample Preparation, Pawliszyn, J., Ed., Vol. XXXVII, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 341-387, 2002. 

Wells, M. J. M. and Michael, J. L. 1987. Reversed-phase solid-phase extraction for aqueous environmental sample preparation in herbicide residue analysis, J. Chromatog. Sci., 25 345-350. 

Dimson, P, Brocato, S, and Majors, R. E. 1986. Automating solid-phase extraction for HPLC sample preparation. Am. Lab., October, 82-94. 

Solid phase extraction (SPE) techniques are emerging as the perhaps most popular alternatives to liquid-liquid extraction for sample preparation of food and agricultural samples. The principle of SPE is now fully described (9,10). Most sorbents are now available as disks, cartridges or precoiumns (11,12). Among the advantages of SPE, is die easiness for the method to be automated and the possibility for simultaneous combination of extraction and enrichment of the analytes (12). This reduces the whole analytical scheme compared to liquid-... 

Li, N. and Lee, H. K., Sample preparation based on dynamic ion-exchange solid-phase extraction for GC/MS analysis of acidic herbicides in environmental water. Anal Chem., 72, 3077-3084, 2000. 

Lander V, Womer M, Kirchenmayer C, Wintoch H, Schreier P (1990) Application of solid-phase extraction for rapid sample preparation in the determination of food constituents asarone II, quinine, and coiunarin quassin in spirits. Z Fur Lebensm Und -Forsch A 190 410-413... 

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