Graphite negative electrode

Joho F., Novak P., and Spahr M.E. Safety Aspects of Graphite Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc., 149,1020-1024 (2002). 

The chemistry of lithium-ion batteries is based on the lithium-ion shuttling between the graphite negative electrode and the transition metal(s) oxide positive electrode. The overall reaction can be schematized as ... 

Besides staging, the other important characteristic of the graphite negative electrode is the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during the first cycles [7, 8], The SEI comes mainly from surface reactions... 

LiCoO, positive electrode Graphite negative electrode... 

FIGURE 7.8 SEM pictures of a LiCo02 positive electrode (left) and of a surface-treated graphite negative electrode (right) both containing TIMREX KS6 graphite and SUPER P Li carbon black conductive additives. 

Lee JH, Kim GS, Choi YM, Park WI, Rogers JA, Paik UG. Comparison of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and carbon black as percolative paths in aqueous-based natural graphite negative electrodes with high-rate capability for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 2008 184 308-311. 

Finally, since there is always an attempt to increase performance, hybrid systems may offer some hope. These systems combine a battery electrode, such as a lithiated carbon graphite negative electrode, and a positive supercapacitor electrode such as porous carbon. The faradaic electrode provides a high capacity and the supercapacitor electrode maintains power performance. This approach is attractive because it can increase both the capacity and power by judiciously choosing the electrode materials. In practice, there are some challenges, such as the balancing of electrodes, the limited cycle life of the electrodes in the... 

Fig, 5.22 Capacity retention of half-cells containing a surface-treated graphite-negative electrode top) and a positive LiCoO, respectively, with different fractions of TIMREX KS graphite and Super P Li as conductive additive (bottom) (electrode porosity ca. 35%, electrolyte 1-M LiPF in ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate 1 3 (v v)) ... 

LUMO energy values of various solvents and additives are shown in Fig. 19.13. The electrochemical decomposition voltage on the graphite negative electrode (vs. Li/LP) is in the order PC < EC < AMC < VA < ADV < ES. The voltages are proportional to those of LUMO energy values, as shown in Fig. 19.14. Based on these voltage values,... 

Jeong, S. K. Lee, H. N. Kim, Y. S., Thermal stability of surface film formed on a graphite negative electrode in lithium secondary batteries, J. Korean Electrochem. Soc. 2011, 14, 157-162. 

Yamagata, M. Matsui, Y. Sugimoto, X. Kikuta, M. Higashizaki, X. Kono, M. Ishikawa, M., High-performance graphite negative electrode in a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide-based ionic liquid, J. Power Sources., 2013, 227,60-64. 

Zhao, L. Watanabe, I. Doi, T Okada, S. Yamaki, J.-i. TG-MS analysis of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphite negative-electrode in lithium-ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 2006,161, 1275-1280. 

Ogumi Z., Sano A., Inaba M., Abe T. Pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis of the surface film formed on graphite negative electrode, J. Power Soirrces 2001,97-98, 156-158. 

Jeong S.-K., Inaba M., Iriyama Y., Abe T., Ogumi Z. Surface film formation on a graphite negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries AFM study on the effects of co-solvents in ethylene carbonate-based solutions, Electrochim. Acta 2002,47,1975-1982. 

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