Solid composition

Sample analyses by metallography, x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy confirmed the desired solid compositions. These analyses revealed that only the small compositional variations expected due to the sublimation were encountered during the studies. 

G. Keilhofer and J. Plank. Solids composition based on clay minerals and use thereof. Patent US 6025303, 2000. 

A number of azetidine-based compounds have been disclosed in patent applications from Aventis Pharma for CBi-modulated treatment of diseases such as obesity, Parkinson s disease, schizophrenia, respiratory and neurological diseases [330-334]. Compound (556) was specifically claimed for use in two formulation patent applications [330, 331] for a stable semi-solid composition and oral emulsion composition, respectively. The optional coadministration of an agent that activates norepinephrinergic and se-rotoninergic neurotransmission (for example, sibutramine) or dopaminergic neurotransmission was also claimed for the treatment of obesity. The optional use of a dopamine agonist (for example, levodopa) was claimed... 

The rare earth oxides of lanthanum, samarium and gadolinium were converted into soluble nitrate salts by dissolving them in the minimum amount of concentrated nitric acid. Then two sets were prepared by adding 2.0 ml of aqueous solution of La(N03)3.6H20 [0.2 M] and 0.01 ml of (n-BuO)4Ti to 25 ml of aqueous solution of Cu(N03)2 [1.0 M]. Similarly, two sets were prepared with Co(N03)3. Same procedures were followed for Sm(N03)3 [0.2 M] and Gd(N03)3 [0.2 M], One set of all these solutions were sonicated under ultrasonic bath (Model - Meltronics, 20 kHz, 250 W) for half an hour. The solutions prepared in normal and sonicated conditions were kept in muffle furnace (Model - Deluxe Zenith) first at 100°C for 2 h and then the temperature of the furnace was raised up to 900°C and calcined for 2 h. The solid composites prepared were then cooled to room temperature and treated as catalyst for phenol degradation. 

From A AS estimations, the ratio of rare earth metal to transition metal was found to be quite different in solid composites synthesized in sonication conditions compared to normal conditions. In all the cases of rare earth-transition metal-Ti02 composite the concentration of both transition metals (Cu and Co) and rare earths (La, Sm and Gd) was found changed due to sonication. The composition of transition metals (Cu and Co) was found to be lower compared to rare earths (La, Sm and Gd) respectively in solid composites synthesized in sonicated conditions than those solid composites synthesized in normal conditions (Table 11.1). In other words we can say that the concentration of rare earths to transition metal is... 

Fig. 11.1 Degradation of phenol with La - Cu composite. 1 - US 2 - Ti02 3 - US + Ti02 4 - US + La-Cu-Ti02 (normal solid composite) 5 - US + La-Cu-Ti02 (sonicated solid composite)...

Sm-Co-TiO 2 (normal solid composite) 5 - US + Sm-Co-Ti02 (sonicated solid composite)) ... 

Pressures, temperatures, solids, compositions, capacities, and concentrations... 

Equilibrium between simple salts and aqueous solutions is often relatively easily demonstrated in the laboratory when the composition of the solid is invariant, such as occurs in the KCI-H2O system. However, when an additional component which coprecipitates is added to the system, the solid composition is no longer invariant. Very long times may be required to reach equilibrium when the reaction path requires shifts in the composition of both the solution and solid. Equilibrium is not established until the solid composition is homogeneous and the chemical potentials of all components between solid and aqueous phases are equivalent. As a result, equilibrium is rarely demonstrated with a solid solution series. 

Because there is no obvious reason for selecting equilibrium constants from runs in which the initial solution contained either solid KCI or solid KBr (runs A or B), the calculations that follow are based on average solid compositions and average equilibrium constants of A and B runs for each total composition reported (Table IV). The equilibrium constants for Equation 5 are shown as a function of KBr mole fraction in Figure 1. 

Table VI summarizes values of the activity coefficient ratio Ygr-/YC].- in the saturated solution for each average solid composition (as calculated from the model of Table II), the calculated provisional equilibrium distribution coefficient (Equation 12) and the provisional equilibrium aqueous solution activity ratio of Br to Cl- (Equation 13) based on the data of Table V.

The solvent-mediated transformation of o -L-glutamic acid to the S-form was quantitatively monitored over time at a series of temperatures [248]. The calibration model was built using dry physical mixtures of the forms, but still successfully predicted composition in suspension samples. Cornel et al. monitored the solute concentration and the solvent-mediated solid-state transformation of L-glutamic acid simultaneously [249]. However, the authors note that multivariate analysis was required to achieve this. Additionally, they caution that it was necessary to experimentally evaluate the effect of solid composition, suspension density, solute concentration, particle size and distribution, particle shape, and temperature on the Raman spectra during calibration in order to have confidence in the quantitative results. This can be a substantial experi-... 

Recently, on-line FBRM, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and PLS were used to moifitor a complex crystallization system a racemic free base of a given componnd and a chiral acid. The anthors first demonstrate that the diastereomeric composition can be estimated nsing Raman spectral data, slnrry density and temperature using a PLS model. Consequently the issne of on-line slurry density prediction, which is not readily available, arises. An additional PLS model was constructed that used the ATR-FTIR spectral data to infer slurry density. Slurry density as predicted in real-time via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was fed into the aforementioned Raman, slurry density and temperatnre PLS model to yield a more accnrate estimate of the fractional solid composition of the two diastereomers. ... 

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